Neuroinfectious Diseases Overview Flashcards
(53 cards)
What causes neuroinfectious diseases
infectious agents, that are not necessarily living organisms
examples of nonliving agents that cause neuroinfectious diseases
viruses, prions, toxins
Treatments for neuroinfectious diseases
they are broad and diverse
- antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsive medicines
what is the best treatment for neuroinfectious diseases
vaccines
Treatments for NID typically focus on what?
There are few NID cures, and most treatments focus on treating the symptoms
What are the drivers of poverty
NID
Why are there many NID that are neglected
- especially in low income countries, treatments can be too expensive or unavailable
- this creates a high medical burden
- also means most are absent from developed nations
Poverty trap cycle
low income leads to malnutrition which leads to sickness which leads to inability to work which leads to low income and so forth
NTD
Neglected tropical diseases
How do NTD affect the economy and the people?
- > 1.2 billion people affected by NTDs
- cost countries billions of dollars every year
Do NTDs only occur in tropical regions
no
What has been one reason as to why NTDs and IDs are no longer geographically restricted
Economic globalization
NTDs that are considered brain diseases (6)
1.chagas disease
2. human african trypanosomiasis
3. rabies
4. dengue and chikungunya
5. cysticercosis
6. schistosomiasis
Protozoa NTDs (3)
- chagas disease
- leishmaniasis
- human african trypanosomiasis
NTD Viruses (3)
- Rabies
- Dengue and Chikungunya
NTDs Bacteria (4)
- Buruli Ulcer
- Leprosy
- Trachoma
- Yaws
NTDs Helminth (8)
- Cysticercosis
- Guinea-worm
- Echinococcosis
- Foodborne trematodiases
- Lymphatic Filariasis
- Soil-transmitted helminthiases
- Schistosomiasis
- River Blindness
POVERTY is both the () and () of ID
Cause and Consequence
3 main nomenclature of CNS infections and the area they affect
- meninges -> meningitis
- brain parenchyma -> encephalitis
- spinal cord -> myelitis
what type of infection is an abscess or a cyst
a focal infection
3 broad ways that pathogens can enter the CNS
- travelling directly through a cellular monolayer
- through infected contiguous tissue
- through nerve endings
What are the three ways a pathogen can travel through a cellular monolayer to enter the CNS
- transcellular route: alien travels through the cell layer
- trojan horse (infected leukocytes): alien infects immune cell and piggy backs into the CNS with immune cell detecting it
- paracellular route: travels between the cells
What type of pathogens like to enter CNS by infecting contiguous tissue?
parasites and large pathogens, some bacteria as well
How do pathogens enter CNS by infecting contiguous cells?
pathogen lyses (or breaks open) the cell to gain access to its neighboring cell and continues the process with the next cell until it enters CNS
- aka forces its way in
