Neurological Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
Stroke
A
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
2
Q
Blood Clot in the Brain
A
Ischemic CVA
3
Q
Brain Bleed
A
Hemorrhagic CVA
4
Q
Mini Stroke
A
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
5
Q
Aphasic
A
Absence of the ability to neurologically generate or understand language. Either in ability to create words or inability to understand spoken words.
6
Q
Ataxia
A
Loss of Coordination
7
Q
Cephalgia
A
Headache
8
Q
Epilepsy
A
Seizure disorder
9
Q
Facial assymmetry
A
drooping of one side of the face indicating neurological damage.
10
Q
Hemiparesis
A
weakness of one half of the body
11
Q
Hemiplegia
A
paralysis of one half of the body
12
Q
Loss of Consciousness
A
LOC Passing Out
13
Q
Diabetes Mellitus II
A
the inadequacy of insulin to control the glucose level.
14
Q
What causes Diabetes Mellitus?
A
hyperglycemia, inadequate insulin secretion excessive glycogen secretion, resistance to insulin action.
15
Q
What are some symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus?
A
Unusual Weight loss or weight gain, polyuria (excessive urination), (polydipsia (excessive thirst), blurred vision, N/V (Nausea and Vomitting)
16
Q
What do you use to diagnose DM II?
A
Fasting Blood Glucose Hemoglobin A1C
17
Q
Diabetes Pharmacological Management
A
Injected: Humalog, Lantus, Sliding Scale
Oral: Metformin, Glyburide
18
Q
What is Hyperlipidemia (HLD)?
A
An imbalance of HDL and LDL. An elevated level of lipid in the blood causes plaque build-up along the arterial walls.
19
Q
Risk Factors of HLD?
A
FHx of HLD, high Lipid diet, physical inactivity. ETOH
20
Q
Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus?
A
FHx of DM, high carb diet, lack of exercise, obesity.
21
Q
Non-Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus
A
Exercise, Weight loss, low carb diet, blood glucose log.
22
Q
What are the symptoms of HLD?
A
Asymptomatic
23
Q
What do you use to diagnose HLD?
A
Lipid panel measuring cholesterol and triglycerides.
24
Q
Pharmacological Management of HLD
A
-Statin drugs
Crestor
Lipitor
(inhibits the production of cholesterol)
25
Non-Pharmacological Management of HLD
Low-lipid diet, decrease ETOH, weight loss/exercise, close follow-up
26
What is Hypertension (HTN)?
High-Blood Pressure 140/90
27
What are the risk factors of HTN?
FHx of HTN, high-sodium diet, smoking, ETOH.
28
Symptoms of HTN?
Often asymptomatic. Headache is the most common symptom.
29
How do you diagnose HTN?
Blood pressure readings. Typically needing several high readings.
30
What is a diagnostic test of HTN?
Ambulatory monitoring, lab test, EKG, ECG.
31
Pharmacological Management of HTN
Ace Inhibitors, ARB's, Ca Channel Blockers, Diuretics.
32
Non Pharmacological Management of HTN
Low-sodium diet, exercise, BP Logs, Smoking and ETOH cessation.
33
What is Coronary Artery DIsease (CAD)?
Narrowing or the Coronary Arteries decreasing blood flow to the heart muscle causing ischemia.
34
RIsk Factors of CAD?
FHx < 55 y/o HTN, HLD, DM, Smoking
35
Symptoms of CAD
Chest pain or pressure - worse with exertion - improved with rest - improved with nitroglycerin (NTG)
36
How do you Diagnose CAD?
Cardiac Catheterization by Cardiologist
37
Pharmacological Management of CAD?
ASA - Aspirin (Anti-platelet drug, prevents clotting) Nitroglycerin (vasodilator)
38
Surgical Management of CAD
Angioplasty (minimal invasive) -balloon inserted to open area of blockage
Coronary Stent (more invasive) similar to angioplasty but the stent is left in place.
CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (Invasive) Open Heart Surgery
39
Non Pharmacological Management of CAD
Managing Risks (HLD, HTN, DM), Exercise and weight loss, managing stress, smoking cessation.
40
Ovary and Fallopian tube removal
Salpingo-Oophorectomy
41
Tonsils removed
Tonsillectomy
42
Adenoids removed
Adenoidectomy
43
Neck Arteries Cleaned
Carotid Endarterectomy
44
Joint Repair
Anthroplasty
45
"Blood clot in my leg"
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
46
"Bulge in my Aorta"
Aortic Aneurysm
47
"Bad flow in my legs"
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
48
Heart Disease
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
49
Heart Attack
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
50
Irregular Heartbeat
Arrhythmia
51
Emphysema or Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
52
Blood Clot in the lung
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
53
lung infection
Pneumonia (PNA)
54
"Balloon in my heart"
Angioplasty
55
"Stents in my heart"
Coronary Stents
56
Heart Bypass
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
57
Breast Removal
Mastectomy
58
Part of my lung removed
Partial Lobectomy
59
Reflux
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
60
Ulcers
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
61
Irritable Bowel
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
62
Bladder Infection
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
63
Kidney Infection
Pyelonephritis
64
High blood pressure
Hypertension (HTN)
65
High Cholesterol
Hyperlipidemia (HLD)
66
Appendix removed
Appendectomy
67
Gallbladder removal
Cholecystectomy
68
Part of my colon removed
Partial colectomy
69
Spleen removed
Splenectomy
70
Kidney removed
Nephrectomy
71
Uterus removed
Hysterectomy
72
Ovary removed
Oophorectomy
73
Yellow Eyes
Icterus
74
Slow Heart Rate
Bradycardia
75
"red throat"
Pharyngitis
76
Fast heart rate
Tachycardia
77
Fainting
Syncope
78
Colon removal
Colectomy
79
"Tubes tied"
Tubal Ligation - fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or blocked.
80
"Open heart surgery"
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
81
"Adenoid removal"
Adenoidectomy
82
TM Dullness (System)
Ears
83
Murmurs/Rubs/Gallops (System)
Cardiovascular
84
Urticaria (System)
Skin
85
ACE Inhibitors
Which disease?
HTN. Relax arteries and block reabsorption of water by the kidney Ex: benazepril and lisinopril
86
Ca Channel Blockers
Which Disease?
HTN. Dilate arteries and reduce the force of the heart's contractions Ex: amlodipine and diltiazem
87
Diuretics
Which disease?
HTN. Reduce the volume of fluid in the blood vessels by urinating excess fluid. Ex; Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
88
ARB's
Which Disease?
HTN. Dilate the arteries. Ex: losartan and Olmesartan
89
Medication used to treat HLD and how?
by inhibiting the production of cholesterol
Ex: Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Simvastatin (Zocor)
90
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) which disease?
CAD Aspirin- antiplatelet drug that prevents clotting (81 mg/dy)
91
Nitroglycerin (NTG) which disease?
CAD Vasodilator - can be used to prevent angina or relieve an angina attack that is already occurring.
92
Humalog
rapid acting insulin. injected immediately before or after meals
93
Lantus
Long acting insulin, injected once daily
94
Sliding Scale
Insulin Dosage (injected) based on current glucose
95
Metformin
Long acting oral med, taken with meals
96
Glyburide
Induces pancreas to produce insulin, taken with meals
97
Osteoarthritis (OA) & CC
Inflammation of the joint causes loss of cartilage, bone changes , and deterioration of tendons and ligaments. Results in severe joint pain. AKA Degeneratibe Joint Disease (DJD)
CC: Joint Pain
98
Auto Immune Conditions
Autoimmune conditions occur when the patient's immune system mistakenly attacks it's own body.
99
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Autoimmune condition where the body attacks healthy joint tissue. Leads to inflammation, cartilage loss, bone erosion/bone deformity.
CC: Joint Pain
100
Asthma
Respiratory condition that affects the bronchioles of the lungs, causing inflammation and bronchospasm.
CC: Wheezing & SOB (Shortness of Breath)
101
COPD Emphysema/Chronic Bronchitis
common chronic inflammatory lung disease causing decreased airflow from the lungs.
Emphysema: the air sacs of the lungs are destroyed (usually due to smoking).
Chronic Bronchitis: long term inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles
CC: SOB, Wheezing, Cough
102
CHF
(Congestive Heart Failure)
the heart pump becomes large and inefficient. stops being able to efficiently pump blood causing a backup of fluid in the body.
Fluid can accumulate in the lungs, legs, and veins in the neck.
CC: SOB. Edema
103
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
gradual loss of kidney function. kidneys are no longer able to filter blood effectively leading to build up of waste.
CC: Asymptomatic
104
Opposite
Contralateral
105
Tennis Elbow
Lateral Epicondylitis
106
Golfer's Elbow
Medial Epidondylitis
107
Golfer's Elbow
Medial Epicondylitis
108
Top of Foot
Dorsum
109
Inside of
Medial aspect
110
Kneecap
Patella
111
Bone Spur
Oteophyte
112
Shoulder Blade
Spatula
113
Frozen Shoulder
Adhesive Capsulitis
114
Collarbone
Clavicle
115
Broken Wrist
Distal Radius Fracture
116
Trigger Finger
Stenosing Tenosynovitis
117
Shot
Injection
118
Scope
Arthroscopy
119
Walk
Ambulate
120
Broken Bone
Fracture
121
Bruise
Contusion
122
Pins and Needs
Paresthesia
123
Bend Forward
Flexion
124
Outside of
Lateral Aspect
125
Both Left and Right
Bilateral
126
Near the Surface
Superficial
127
Armpit
Axilla
128
Unknown Origin
Idiopathic
129
Thigh Bone
Femur
130
Inward Motion
Inversion
131
Outward Motion
Eversion
132
Sugar
Glucose
133
Wasting Away
Atrophy
134
Kidney Stones
Renal Calculi
135
Blood Clot
Thrombus
136
Blood in Urine
Hematuria
137
Bed Wetting at Night
Nocturnal Enuresis
138
Runny Nose
Rhinorrhea
139
Uncontrolled Twitching of the Eye
Blepharospasm
140
Difficulty Breathing through the nose
Nasal Obstruction
141
Broken Wrist
Distal Radial Fracture
141
Broken Wrist
Distal Radial Fracture
142
Related to the heart
Cardiac
143
Related to the stomach
gastric
144
Gel Shot
Viscosupplmentation Injection
145
Unknown Origin (Disease/Condition)
Idiopathic
146
Thigh Bone
Femur
147
Inward motion (of ankle)
inversion
148
Outward motion (of ankle)
eversion
149
Vomiting
Emesis
150
Related to Cartilage
Chondral
151
Crepitus
Creaky joints
