Neurological Bases of Behavior Nervous system

Question 1

is a system of nerves involved in thought processes, heartbeat, visual motor coordination, and so on

Answer 1

The Nervous System

Question 2

The nervous system consists of the :

Answer 2

brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body

Question 3

form the control center known as the central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 3

Brain and spinal cord

Question 4

information is evaluated, and decisions made

Answer 4

Central Nervous System

Question 5

The sensory nerves and sense organs of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) monitor

Answer 5

conditions inside and outside of the body and send this information to the CNS

Question 6

These are specialized cells of the nervous system that conduct impulses

Answer 6

Neurons

Question 7

These are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to our muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between.

Answer 7

Neurons

Question 8

These are branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons and allow the transmission of messages to the cell body.

Answer 8

Dendrites

Question 9

Each neuron has a cell body with a nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondria and other components.

Answer 9

Cell body

Question 10

is a tube-like structure that carries electrical impulse from the cell body to the axon terminals that pass the impulse to another neuron.

Answer 10

Axon

Question 11

the chemical junction between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron.

Answer 11

Synapse

Question 12

remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system; nourish and insulate neurons

Answer 12

Glial cells

Question 13

a fatty substance that encases and insulates axons, facilitating transmission of neural impulses

Answer 13

Myelin

Question 14

fatty substance that encases and insulates axons, facilitating transmission of neural impulses

Answer 14

Myelin

Question 15

Neurons that are carrying signals towards the brain are called

Answer 15

Afferent neurons

Question 16

are those that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system and towards muscles, glands, and organs to initiate movement

Answer 16

Efferent neurons

Question 17

Sensory neurons are triggered by

Answer 17

physical and chemical stimulation from the environment

Question 18

are used to initiate movement, both voluntary and involuntary.

Answer 18

Motor neurons

Question 19

are the connections between sensory and motor neurons. They help the body to react to external stimuli.

Answer 19

Interneurons

Question 20

A junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron.

Answer 20

Synapses

Question 21

action potential affects other neurons through a gap present between two neurons known as the synapse

Answer 21

Chemical Synapse

Question 22

When two neurons are connected by a gap junction, it results in

Answer 22

An electrical synapse

Question 23

The action potential is carried along the axon to a
postsynaptic ending that initiates the release of chemical
messengers known as

Answer 23

Neurotransmitters

Question 24

When two neurons are connected by a gap junction, it results in
an electrical synapse. These gaps include ion channels that help
in the direct transmission of a positive electrical signal. These are
much faster than

Answer 24

Chemical synapses

Question 25

are chemical messengers in the body

Answer 25

Neurotransmitters

Question 26

Neurotransmitters job

Answer 26

Their job is to transmit
signals from nerve cells to target cells.

Question 27

Neurotransmitters transmit signals, these signals help regulate bodily functions
ranging from

Answer 27

heart rate to appetite

Question 28

The brain needs neurotransmitters to regulate many necessary functions, including:

Answer 28

heart rate
• breathing
• sleep cycles
• digestion
• mood
• concentration
• appetite
• muscle movement

Question 29

Excitatory neurotransmitters

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encourage a target
cell to take action

Question 30

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

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decrease the chances
of the target cell taking action.

Question 31

Modulatory neurotransmitters can

Answer 31

can send messages
to many neurons at the same time

Question 32

•is an excitatory neurotransmitter with a wide range of roles.
•It triggers muscle contractions, stimulates saliva and sweat
production, and controls the heartbeat

Answer 32

Acetylcholine

Question 33

•is a type of monoamine neurotransmitter.
•It’s made in your
brain and acts as a chemical messenger, communicating
messages between nerve cells in your brain and your brain and
the rest of your body.

Answer 33

Dopamine

Question 34

inhibit pain signals and create a feeling of pleasure.
They have links to laughter, love, sex, and appetizing food

Answer 34

Endorphins

Question 35

is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone, but it acts
mainly as a hormone

Answer 35

Epinephrine

Question 36

also known as adrenaline,
plays an important role in your body’s fight-or-flight response. It’s
also used as a medication to treat many life-threatening
conditions

Answer 36

Epinephrine

Question 37

• is the central nervous
system’s main inhibitor
• is a mood regulator,

Answer 37

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 38

experts
have linked low levels of GABA with

Answer 38

anxiety, depression,
and schizophrenia

Question 39

sends signals between your nerve cells. It may
help regulate many body functions, including mood, bowel
movements, and sleep, among others.

Answer 39

Serotonin

Question 40

Norepinephrine
It is a neurotransmitter of the brain that plays an essential
role in the

Answer 40

regulation of arousal, attention, cognitive function,
and stress reactions