Neurological chronic diseases Flashcards

Question

Explain Primary progressive MS

Answer 1

about 10% of older people with MS live with primary progressive MS. This form begins with vague symptoms that develop into gait deficits, sometimes confused with the ageing process. Neurological damage continues to occur without remyelination, resulting in a steady increase in the level of disability. Antibodies that attack central nervous system antigens are thought to prevent remyelination in this form of MS.

Answer 2

This begins in a similar manner to relapsing remitting MS, but develops a more constant progressive path with only minor occasional remissions and plateaus

Answer 3

In this form the disease progression is continuous, with acute attacks occurring at intervals, accompanied by minor recovery

Answer 4

``` Fatigue Infuenza like symptoms loss of sensation to pain and heat mobility and coordination issues tremors unpredictable loss of balance Muscle spasm loss of muscle tone loss of bladder control loss of bowel control slurred speech dysphasia visual disturbances short term memory loss ```

Answer 5

regular immunotherapy antiviral injections Baclofen - for muscle spasms suppository insertion for maintenance of bowels high fibre high fluid diet

Answer 6

incontinence - fear and embarrassment | sexual activity impeded

Answer 7

o Sexual issues such as impotence, loss of libido, reduced lubrication and loss of sensation may result in slow arousal and decreased satisfaction o Partners need to be patient and explore a variety of alternative techniques to achieve the sexual expression of love

Answer 8

• The unpredictable nature of the disease and the limitations on work, leisure and life roles can result in anxiety and depression for those living with MS Symptoms may change through the day and the timing of attacks cannot be predetermined driving affected by visual disturbances

Answer 9

Occupational therapist physiotherapist speech therapist

Answer 10

o Families have to accommodate the person’s need for rest and the effects of symptoms during an attack, and generally rearrange their lives to provide care when needed People with MS need love, understanding and support assistance with activities of daily living, mobility, bowel and bladder management and in some cases catheter care and cognitive function as well as psychological support we can: support family education respite

Answer 11

Motor neuron disease (MND) is a collective term that encompasses a number of neurogenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, primary lateral sclerosis and progressive bulbar palsy. Degeneration occurs in the upper motor neurons of the cerebral cortex, the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and the motor nuclei of the brain stem (lower motor neurons) and results in multiple failures in nerve impulse transmission.

Answer 12

``` behaviour changes muscle weakness in limbs, speech, swallowing or respiration muscle fibre atrophy loss of balance fatigue dribbling pain ```

Answer 13

people between the age of 40-60 with a mean age of 55

Answer 14

global, flail arm, flail leg and primary lateral sclerosis

Answer 15

o The global and fail phenotypes are the most common and usually associated with a life expectancy of three to five years from diagnosis to death o The additional presence of bulbar symptoms such as dysphagia and dysarthria compounds functional loss and shortens life expectancy due to compromised respiratory function o Pain arising from stress on joints association with muscle decline, muscle spasm and cramping as well as skin pressure pain is common across the phenotypes o Regular fasciculation or twitching of a single muscle group is an indicative feature of MND

Answer 16

o Most cases are thought to be sporadic, but approximately 5-10% of cases are familial in origin

Answer 17

assisted ventilation and gastrostomy feeding splinting limbs o Pain resulting from the strain on joints responds to anti-inflammatory medication, muscle relaxants such as Baclofen are useful for spasms from upper neuron damage, while skin pressure pain is relieved by repositioning and opioid medication o Swallowing problems are managed initially modified cups, postural changes, fluid thickening and food modification (later, if the person consents, a gastrostomy is performed) o Anticholinergic drugs or injecting the partoid glands with botulinum toxin can reduce saliva

Answer 18

walking aids hoists electric wheelchairs with high back

Answer 19

• Muscle wasting and weight loss are increasingly evident, particularly around the shoulders, trunk and sometimes the face loosing the ability to participate in expected family routines and to undertake the personal activities of daily living such as showering, dressing, toileting and eating

Answer 20

o Family members can do little more than watch as their relative wastes away and becomes more dependent o Family members have to provide 24 hour care each day of the week o Family carers experience many situations that cause them to redefine themselves and their relationships with the person living MND o Consistent and sometimes ambiguous losses caused by the effects of the disease, change roles and reconstruct the future

Neurological chronic diseases Flashcards

(45 cards)