Neurological Deficits CVA

Question 1

global aphasia

Answer 1

loss of all language skills (receptive and expressive)

involves MCA of dominant hemisphere

Question 2

receptive aphasia

Answer 2

impairment of comprehension of language

reading/writing comprehension commonly impaired

Question 3

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 3

results from L hemisphere lesion

responses fluent but not appropriate

Question 4

alexia

Answer 4

inability to read

Question 5

dyslexia

Answer 5

difficulty reading/breaking down words into letters

Question 6

expressive aphasia

Answer 6

impairment of speech production/agrammatism

can often understand written instructions/pictures

Question 7

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 7

results from L hemisphere lesion

impairment of speech production/agrammatism

Question 8

dysarthria

Answer 8

articulation disorder in absence of aphasia (often associated with swallowing issues)

Question 9

agraphia

Answer 9

inability to write intelligible words or sentences

Question 10

anomia

Answer 10

inability to recall names of people or objects

Question 11

dysgraphia

Answer 11

inability to write/breakdown words into letters

Question 12

agrammatism

Answer 12

inability to arrange words sequentially

Question 13

nystagmus

Answer 13

involuntary jerky eye movements either lat/med or sup/inf at extreme of visual field

Question 14

visual field disorders

Answer 14

visual pathways beyond the eye itself are damaged
results in visual field cuts
difficulty reading/scanning

Question 15

hemianopsia

Answer 15

visual field disorder

loss of visual field opposite the side of lesion

Question 16

visual perceptual disorders

Answer 16

visual anatomical structures intact

often occur with R hemisphere dysfunction

Question 17

visual agnosia

Answer 17

visual perceptual disorder

difficulty identifying/recognizing familiar objects

Question 18

propsopagnosia

Answer 18

visual perceptual disorder

difficulty identifying/recognizing familiar faces

Question 19

metamorphopsia

Answer 19

visual perceptual disorder

objects appear larger, heavier, or lighter

Question 20

visual-spatial-perceptual disorders

Answer 20

difficulty accurately interpreting spatial relationship between body and objects in the environment

Question 21

right/left discrimination dysfunction

Answer 21

visual-spatial-perceptual disorder

cannot distinguish right from left

Question 22

figure-ground discrimination

Answer 22

visual-spatial-perceptual disorder

cannot distinguish objects in the foreground from the background

Question 23

form-constancy discrimination

Answer 23

visual-spatial-perceptual disorder

inability to recognize subtle variations or changes in form

Question 24

position-in-space discrimination

Answer 24

visual-spatial-perceptual disorder

cannot use concepts of up/down or in/out

Question 25

topographical disorientation

Answer 25

visual-spatial-perceptual disorder | cannot comprehend relationships of one location to another (constantly gets lost)

Question 26

stereopsis

Answer 26

visual-spatial-perceptual disorder | inability to determine if objects are near or far (depth perception)

Question 27

dysmetria

Answer 27

visual-spatial-perceptual disorder inability to judge distance and range of movement (overshooting/undershooting) *typical of cerebellar lesions

Question 28

astereognosis

Answer 28

tactile perceptual disorder | inability to identify objects by touch alone

Question 29

two point discrimination

Answer 29

tactile perceptual disorder | inability to determine whether one has been touched by one or two points

Question 30

body schema

Answer 30

awareness of spatial characteristics of one's body in space

Question 31

unilateral neglect

Answer 31

body-schema perceptual disorder inability to integrate and use perceptions from one side of the body or environment visual field intact (most often in R hemi CVA)

Question 32

anosognosia

Answer 32

body-schema perceptual disorder extensive neglect syndrome with failure to recognize one's paralyzed limb as their own (accompanied by dissociation)

Question 33

apraxia

Answer 33

motor-perceptual disorder difficulty with motor planning of tasks typical of R hemisphere lesions

Question 34

ideational apraxia

Answer 34

motor-perceptual disorder inability to cognitively understand motor demands of task involving multiple steps (no "idea" shirt is a clothing item/what to do with it)

Question 35

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 35

motor-perceptual disorder understands motor demands of tasks but cannot access the motor plan or pathway to complete the task due to neurological damage

Question 36

ataxia

Answer 36

motor deficit | uncoordinated patterns of movement that affect gait, posture, and UE control

Question 37

rigidity

Answer 37

motor control deficit a form of hypertonicity that is characterized by increased resistance to passive movement both flexors and extensors hypertonic

Question 38

lead pipe rigidity

Answer 38

motor control deficit | uniform and continuous resistance in all planes

Question 39

cogwheel rigidity

Answer 39

motor control deficit pattern of release/resistance in quick, jerky movements can feel in all planes

Question 40

dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 40

motor deficit impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements common in cerebellar lesions

Question 41

dyssynergia

Answer 41

motor deficit movements are broken up/choppy rather than smooth common in cerebellar lesions

Question 42

hemiballismus

Answer 42

motor deficit | violent thrashing movements of one extremity

Question 43

hemiparasthesia

Answer 43

motor deficit | loss of sensation on one side of the body

Question 44

poor kinesthetic awareness

Answer 44

motor deficit | inability to identify one's limb as it moves through space

Question 45

proprioceptive impairments

Answer 45

inability to identify one's limb/trunk position in space (not moving) with visual occulsion inability to determine appropriate amount of pressure for task

Question 46

aphagia

Answer 46

inability to swallow (dysphagia)