Neurological Disorders Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is another name for a cerebrovascular accident?
Stroke
What is the leading risk factor for a stroke?
Hypertension
List three risk factors for stroke.
- Atherosclerosis
- Heart disease
- Diabetes
What is a transient ischemic stroke (TIA)?
A blockage of an artery for less than five minutes that causes temporary symptoms
What are the two main types of stroke?
- Ischemic stroke
- Hemorrhagic stroke
What is a thrombotic stroke?
An ischemic stroke caused by a blood clot that developed in an artery in the brain
What is an embolic stroke?
An ischemic stroke caused by a blood clot that traveled from another part of the body
What type of stroke occurs due to bleeding in the brain?
Hemorrhagic stroke
What is an intracerebral hemorrhage?
Bleeding that occurs when there is a rupture in a cerebral artery within the brain
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Bleeding in the space between the brain and the membrane that covers the brain
True or False: A transient ischemic stroke is not a medical emergency.
False
What demographic factors increase the risk of stroke?
- Older age
- Male gender
- African American race
Fill in the blank: A cerebrovascular accident causes a loss in _______ functioning.
Neurological
What lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of stroke?
- Cigarette smoking
- Heavy alcohol consumption
- Obesity
What is the consequence of a transient ischemic stroke?
It is a warning sign that a more severe stroke may occur in the future
What is the artery most often involved in a stroke?
The middle cerebral artery
The middle cerebral artery is a key vessel in the brain, commonly affected during strokes.
List symptoms of a stroke involving the middle cerebral artery.
- Contralateral sensory loss
- Contralateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia
- Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
- Dysarthria
- Aphasia (if dominant hemisphere affected)
- Apraxia and contralateral neglect (if nondominant hemisphere affected)
These symptoms arise from damage to areas of the brain supplied by the middle cerebral artery.
What are the symptoms of a stroke involving the posterior cerebral artery?
- Contralateral sensory loss
- Hemiparesis
- Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia or other visual impairment
- Dysarthria
- Nausea and vomiting
- Memory loss
The posterior cerebral artery supplies the occipital lobe and parts of the temporal lobe, affecting vision and memory.
What are the symptoms of a stroke involving the anterior cerebral artery?
- Contralateral sensory loss
- Hemiparesis (especially in the leg)
- Impaired insight and judgment
- Mutism
- Apathy
- Confusion
- Urinary incontinence
The anterior cerebral artery primarily supplies the medial portions of the frontal lobes and the superior medial parietal lobes.
True or False: Dysarthria is a symptom of strokes involving both the middle and posterior cerebral arteries.
True
Dysarthria refers to slurred or unclear speech and is common in strokes affecting various brain regions.
Fill in the blank: Symptoms of a stroke involving the anterior cerebral artery include contralateral sensory loss and _______.
hemiparesis (especially in the leg)
The anterior cerebral artery affects the motor control of the lower limbs more than the upper limbs.
What are the two types of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Open and closed
Open (penetrating) and closed head injuries differ in their consequences.
Which type of TBI usually causes more widespread damage?
Closed head injuries
Closed head injuries typically result in more extensive damage than open head injuries.
What symptoms may individuals experience after regaining consciousness from TBI?
Emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical symptoms
These symptoms can vary in severity and combination.
