Neurological emergencies Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the normal Cerebral Perfusion Pressure?
50-160mmHg
How is Mean Arterial Pressure measured?
MAP= systolic Bp + (2 x diastolic) / 3
What is the normal MAP?
93mmHg
What is normal ICP measured as?
0-15mmHg
What is the brains only source of fuel?
Glucose
What is a concussion?
A mild to moderate impact of the skull that results in structural damage that is fully reversible.
What is an intracerebral haemorrhage?
A collection of blood of more than 5ml somewhere within the brain
Why does decorticate rigidity occur?
Results from structural impairment of cortical regions of the brain
Why does decerebrate rigidity occur?
Results from injury to sub-cortical areas and has a worse prognosis than decorticate.
Why do we check the pupils in neuro emergencies?
Compression of the oculomotor nerve produces dilated pupil and loss of light reflex on the affected side.
What is Cushings Triad?
Widening pulse pressure
Bradycardia
Cheyne stokes breathing
What are indications of skull fracture?
Leaking of CSF
Panda eyes
Depression
Bruising behind the ear (battles sign)
What are the 3 different types of stroke?
Ischemic
Haemorrhagic
TIA
What is an Ischemic stroke?
These are caused when an embolus or blood clot occludes the brain vessels and starves the brain tissue distal to that occlusion
What is a haemorrhagic stroke?
These are caused by ruptured blood vessels that cause intracerebral bleeding.
What is a TIA?
These are known as transient Ischemic strokes or ‘mini stroke’ and are caused by an temporary embolus that self resolves usually within 24 hours.
According to AHA what is the most common form of stroke?
Ischemic (affecting 87% of stroke victims)
How long can TIA’s last for?
Anywhere from 1-5 minutes
What are the 2 types of Ischemic strokes?
Embolic= caused by a clot that travels from somewhere else in the body
Thrombotic= caused by a clot in an artery that supplies blood to the brain
