Neurological Viruses

Question 1

EEE & VEE Genome

Answer 1

+ssRNA

Question 2

EEE & VEE Virion

Answer 2

enveloped

Question 3

EEE & VEE Incubation

Answer 3

4-10 days

Question 4

EEE & VEE Reservoirs

Answer 4

Reservoirs are Birds and small mammals

Common vectors are mosquitos and ticks

Question 5

EEE & VEE Replication

Answer 5

In the Cytoplasm

Virus brought into the cell be cell-mediated endocytosis

Question 6

EEE & VEE Symptoms

Answer 6

Chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia

These last for 1-2 weeks

Question 7

EEE & VEE Transmission

Answer 7

Introduced through the bite of an infected arthropod
Cells are infected locally and carried by Langerhan cells to LN
Replication and release into the blood stream where the infection spreads to CNS

Question 8

EEE & VEE Complications

Answer 8

Can lead to Encephalitic disease in 5% of cases

• fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, and coma
• 1/3 of encephalatic cases die 2-10 days after onset
• Those who survive can have long term consequences such as seizures, personality disorders, and paralysis

Question 9

EEE & VEE Prevalence

Answer 9

Seen mostly in eastern states

Question 10

EEE & VEE Prevention

Answer 10

A single vaccine is available -TC-83

• contains live attenuated TC-83 and inactivated C-84
• only given to at risk military personel and researchers

Question 11

EEE & VEE Treatment

Answer 11

No treatment, just supportive care to make the patient comfortable

Question 12

West Nile Virus Genome

Answer 12

(+)ssRNA

Question 13

West Nile Virus Virion

Answer 13

Enveloped

Question 14

West Nile Virus Incubation

Answer 14

2-14 days

Question 15

West Nile Virus Replication

Answer 15

Cytoplasm

Question 16

West Nile Virus Symptoms

Answer 16

Most are asymptomatic
Illness occurs in 20% of cases
Fever, headache, malaise

Question 17

West Nile Virus Transmission

Answer 17

Bites from infected arthropods

Question 18

West Nile Virus Complications

Answer 18

Neuroinvasive in <1% of cases

• Aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state, tremors
• 50% of survivors have Sequelae 12 months later

Question 19

West Nile Virus Prevalence

Answer 19

Fairly wide geographic range in the US

Question 20

West Nile Virus Treatment

Answer 20

Supportive Care

No antivirals

Question 21

Rabies Genome

Answer 21

(-)ssRNA

Question 22

Rabies Virion

Answer 22

Enveloped

Question 23

Rabies Incubation

Answer 23

30-90 days

Question 24

Rabies Replication

Answer 24

Cytoplasm
Genome order dictates abundance of transcripts and protein
Binding of Protein N to RNA triggers genome replication
Frequently produces defective interfering particles

Question 25

Rabies Symptoms

Answer 25

Prickling or itching where bitten, fever, malaise, headache Hydrophobia Cerebral dysfunction - anxiety, confusion, delirium, hallucinations and insomnia Once symptoms appear, the disease is nearly always fatal

Question 26

Rabies Transmission

Answer 26

Bite of infected animal 15% of bites cause disease; 60% if bite is on the face or head Reservoirs are bats, skunks, raccoons, and dogs in developing countries

Question 27

Rabies Complications

Answer 27

Replicates locally until it finds neurons, then it moves passively in the axoplasm of peripheral nerves to spinal glia, spinal cord, and brain Spreads back to the periphery, highly innervated salivary glands, and replicates

Question 28

Rabies Prevention

Answer 28

Vaccines available

Question 29

Rabies Treatment

Answer 29

Post exposure prophylaxis -4 doses - immediately, 3, 7, and 14 days after -Should be administered immediately because it takes a while to develop Patient should also receive immunoglobulin