Neurology

Question 1

notochord becomes

Answer 1

nucleus pulposus

Question 2

ventral plate induced by ___

Answer 2

SHH

Question 3

dorsal plate induced by ___

Answer 3

BMPs

Question 4

telencephalon

Answer 4

cerebral hemispheres
basal ganglia
lateral ventricles

Question 5

diencephalon

Answer 5

thalamus
hypothalamus
third ventricle
retina

Question 6

mesencephalon

Answer 6

midbrain

Question 7

metencephalon

Answer 7

pons
cerebellum

Question 8

myencephalon

Answer 8

medulla

Question 9

___ can be used as a marker to confirm NT defects

Answer 9

AchE

Question 10

failure of rostral neuropore to close

Answer 10

anencephaly

Question 11

holoprosencephaly associated with ___ mutations

Answer 11

SHH

Question 12

chiari I associated with ___

Answer 12

syringomyelia

Question 13

chiari II associated with ___

Answer 13

myelomeningocele

Question 14

chiari I vs II

Answer 14

II includes medulla herniation

Question 15

syringomyelia location

Answer 15

anterior white commissure

Question 16

CNS cells that release NO and inflammatory mediators

Answer 16

microglia

Question 17

CNS cells that serve as glycogen fuel reserve

Answer 17

astrocytes

Question 18

___ release causes the pineal gland to release melatonin

Answer 18

NE

Question 19

waves of REM sleep

Answer 19

beta

Question 20

N3 sleep

Answer 20

sleep walking
night terrors

Question 21

delta waves are seen in ___ sleep

Answer 21

N3

Question 22

lateral hypo injury

Answer 22

lean

Question 23

VM hypo injury

Answer 23

fat

Question 24

anterior hypo injury

Answer 24

cooling

Question 25

posterior hypo injury

Answer 25

hot

Question 26

what hypo nucleus is involved in kallman syndrome

Answer 26

preoptic nucleus

Question 27

preoptic nucleus controls ___ and ___

Answer 27

thermoregulation sexuality

Question 28

VPL nucleus of thalamus receives input from ___ and ___ ___

Answer 28

spinothalamic dorsal columns

Question 29

VPM nucleus of thalamus gets ___ and ___ input

Answer 29

trigeminal gustation

Question 30

lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus involves ___

Answer 30

vision

Question 31

medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus involves ___

Answer 31

hearing

Question 32

VA and VL of thalamus involves ___ input

Answer 32

motor

Question 33

mesolimbic pathway causes ___ symptoms

Answer 33

positive

Question 34

mesocortical pathway causes ___ symptoms

Answer 34

negative

Question 35

superior colliculi function

Answer 35

direct eyes

Question 36

inferior colliculi function

Answer 36

auditory

Question 37

basilar artery stroke can cause what?

Answer 37

locked-in syndrome

Question 38

lateral pontine syndrome causes by ___ stroke

Answer 38

AICA

Question 39

lateral medullary syndrome caused by ___ stroke

Answer 39

PICA

Question 40

medial medullary syndrome caused by ___ stroke

Answer 40

ASA

Question 41

conduction aphasia due to damage to the ___ ___

Answer 41

arcuate fasciculus

Question 42

headache with autonomic symptoms and/or horner syndrome

Answer 42

cluster

Question 43

intention tremor notes ___ damage

Answer 43

cerebellar

Question 44

periventricular plaques/hyperintensities

Answer 44

MS

Question 45

wet, wacky, and wobbly

Answer 45

normal pressure hydrocephalus

Question 46

charcot-marie-tooth disease

Answer 46

foot drop motor and sensory neuropathy

Question 47

ipsilateral leptomeningeal calcifications

Answer 47

sturge-weber

Question 48

hemangioblastomas can produce ___

Answer 48

EPO

Question 49

ALS due to ___ ___ defect

Answer 49

superoxide dismutase

Question 50

floppy baby with marked hypotonia due to ___ defect

Answer 50

snRNP

Question 51

ASA occlusion results in what at and below the lesion?

Answer 51

LMN and loss of pain and temperature UMN below the lesion

Question 52

B12 deficiency deficits

Answer 52

all posterior lost + lateral corticospinal

Question 53

hemisection of spinal cord deficits

Answer 53

LMN at level of lesion UMN below level of lesion all ipsilateral except pain and temperature

Question 54

FA due to defect in ___ function

Answer 54

mitochondrial (iron binding)

Question 55

CN X lesions point ___

Answer 55

away

Question 56

correct farsightedness with ___ lens

Answer 56

convex

Question 57

correct nearsightedness with ___ lens

Answer 57

concave

Question 58

drusen spots

Answer 58

A-R MD

Question 59

retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots

Answer 59

diabetic retinopathy

Question 60

macular star

Answer 60

HTN retinopathy

Question 61

blood and thunder appearance of eye

Answer 61

retinal Vv occlusion

Question 62

cerebreform appearance of eye

Answer 62

retinal detachment

Question 63

bone spicule deposits of eye

Answer 63

retinitis pigmentosa (associated with abetalipoproteinemia)

Question 64

____ ___ nerves cause miosis

Answer 64

short ciliary

Question 65

___ ___ nerves cause mydriasis

Answer 65

long ciliary

Question 66

ptosis involves ___ ___ muscle

Answer 66

superior tarsal

Question 67

neonatal seizure control

Answer 67

phenobarbital

Question 68

vigabatrin

Answer 68

irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor

Question 69

SV2A receptor blocker

Answer 69

levetiracetam

Question 70

GABA reuptake inhibitor

Answer 70

tiagabine

Question 71

benzos for liver disease (LOT)

Answer 71

lorazepam oxazepam temazepam

Question 72

short-acting benzos

Answer 72

ATOM

Question 73

memantine

Answer 73

NMDA antagonist

Question 74

riluzole

Answer 74

decrease glutamate excitotoxicity

Question 75

tetrabenazine

Answer 75

inhibit VMAT

Question 76

low solubility = ____ induction, ___ potency

Answer 76

fast low

Question 77

prevent opioid relapse with ___

Answer 77

naltrexone