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anatomy 101 > neurology > Flashcards

neurology Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

nervous system

A

the master controlling and communicating system of the body

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2
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

made of brain and spinal cord; commands

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

made of spinal and cranial nerves; carries messages

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4
Q

sensory division

A

part of PNS; afferent

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5
Q

motor division

A

part of PNS ; efferent

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6
Q

motor division 2 parts

A

somatic and autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

somotic nervous system (SNS)

A

skeletal muscles

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8
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

regulates smooth muscles, cardiac, and glands

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9
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight

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10
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest and digest

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11
Q

neurons

A

excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

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12
Q

astrocyctes

A

most abundant glial cell; cling to neurons and cover capillaries; form blood brain barrier

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13
Q

microglia

A

small, ovoid cells with spiny processes

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14
Q

ependymal cells

A

secrete CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

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15
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

branched cells that wrap CNS nerve fibers with myelin

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16
Q

schwann cells (neurolemmocytes)

A

surround fibers of the PNS

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17
Q

structural units of the nervous system

A

body, axon, and dendrites

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18
Q

perikaryon or SOMA

A

contains nucleus and nucleolus; has nissl bodies

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19
Q

axon hillock

A

bump in axon

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20
Q

tracts

A

in CNS

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21
Q

nerves

A

in PNS

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22
Q

nuclei is SOMA in

A

CNS

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23
Q

ganglia is SOMA in

A

PNS

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24
Q

dendrites

A

receptive/ input regions of the neuron

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25
electrical signals are conveyed as
graded local potentials
26
long axons are called
nerve fibers
27
one unbranched axon
per neuron
28
rare branches are called
axon collaterals
29
axon function
generate and transmit action potentials
30
anterograde
toward axonal terminal
31
retrograde
away from axonal terminal
32
myelin sheath
increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
33
myelin sheath formation
formed by schwann cells
34
neurilemma
remaining nucleus and cytoplasm of schwann cell
35
nodes of ranvier
gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent schwann cells
36
no neurliemma means what functionally
no regeneration
37
white matter
myelinated fiber
38
gray matter
unmyelinated fiber
39
multipolar
3 or more processes
40
bipolar
2 processes
41
unipolar
single, short process
42
sensory transmits impulses
toward CNS
43
motor transmits impulses
away from CNS
44
interneurons shuttle signals
the CNS pathways
45
passive or leakage channels
always open
46
chemically/ ligand gated channels
open with binding of neurotransmitter
47
voltage gated channels
open and close in response to membrane potential
48
resting state of neuron
-70
49
graded potential
short local changes in membrane potential
50
action poential
a brief reversal membrane potential with an amplitude of 100
51
depolarization
the inside of the membrane becomes less negative
52
repolarization
the membrane returns back to its resting state
53
hyperpolarization
the inside of the membrane becomes more negative then the resting state
54
threshold
membrane is depolarized by 15 to 20 mV
55
weak stimuli
is not dependent on action potentials
56
strong stimuli
do relay on action potentials
57
the absolute refactory period
prevents the neuron from generating and action potential
58
axon diameter
the larger the diameter the faster the impulse
59
presynaptic neuron
conducts impulses toward the synapse
60
postsynaptic neuron
transmits impulses away from the synapse
61
axodendritic
synapses between the axon of the one neuron and the dendrite of another
62
axosomatic
synapses between the axon of the one neuron and the soma of another
63
neurotransmitter must
be released, diffuse across the synapse, and bind to receptors
64
EPSP
excitatory postsynaptic potential
65
IPSP
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
66
neurotransmitter
chemicals used for neuronal communication with the body and the brain
67
chemical neurotransmitters
acetylocholine, biogenic amines
68
catecholamines
dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
69
excitatory neurotransmitters cause
depolarizations
70
inhibitory neurotransmitters cause
hyperpolarizations
71
central sulcus
separates the frontal and parietal lobes
72
parieto occipital sulcus
seperates the parietal and occipital lobes
73
lateral sulcus
seperates the parietal and temporal lobes
74
the precentral and postcentral gyri
border the central sulcus
75
motor areas
control voluntary movement
76
sensory areas
conscious awareness of sensation
77
association
integrate diverse information
78
which lobe is the precentral gyrus located
frontal
79
premotor cortex
controls learned, repetitious, or patterned motor skills
80
which lobe is the postcentral gyrus in
parietal
81
wernickes area
sounding out unfamiliar words
82
broccas area
speech preparation and production
83
cerebral dominance
designates the hemisphere dominant for language
84
left hemisphere
controls lauguage, math, and logic
85
right hemisphere
controls visual spatial skills, emotion, and artistic skills
86
pineal glands
extends from the postierior border and secretes melatonin
87
brain stem has 3 regions
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
88
cerebral peduncles
2 bulging structures that contain desening pyramidal motor tracts
89
cerebral aqueduct
hollow tube that connects the third and fourth ventricles
90
superior colliculi
visual reflex centers
91
inferior colliculi
auditory reflex centers
92
amygdala
deals with anger,danger,and fear
93
cingulaye gyrus
expressing emotions
94
hippocampal structures
convert new information into long term memories
95
RAS
recticular activating system
96
what type of fibers compose the corona radiata
projection fibers
97
where are the perikaryons of the first order neurons located
dorsal root ganglion
98
where are the perikaryons of the third order neurons located
thalmus

anatomy 101 (1 decks)

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