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Anatomy and Physiology > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main structures of the central nervous system? (CNS) x3

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal cord
  3. Neurons
    Complex blood supply
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2
Q

What is the function of the brain? x2

A
  1. Integrates, processes and coordinates sensory data from sense receptors throughout the body
  2. Initiates and controls motor action
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3
Q

What are the four main areas of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebral hemisphere
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Diencephalon
  4. Brainstem
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4
Q

What is the corpus callosum responsible for?

A

Sending signals from the left to right hemispheres of the brain and vice versa

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5
Q

What is the cortex?

A

Outer surface of the hemispheres
Made up of gyrus, sulcus and fissures

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6
Q

What is gyrus?

A

Ridge-like elevation

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7
Q

What is sulcus and fissure?

A

Sulcus - depressions or grooves
Fissure - deep sulcus

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8
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe? x3

A

Cerebral hemisphere
1. Primary motor cortex - motor
2. Supplementary motor cortex - motor speech planning
3. Broca’s area - controls movement in speech production
Disorders - Broca’s aphasia and apraxia of speech

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9
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe? x3

A

Cerebral hemisphere
1. Primary somatosensory cortex - sensory information
2. Supramarginal gyrus - phonological processing for speech
3. Angular gyrus - reading and written comprehension

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10
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Cerebral hemisphere
Vision
Disorders - visual hallucinations and prosopagnosia (face blindness)

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11
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe? x3

A

Cerebral hemisphere
1. Primary auditory cortex
2. Auditory association - interprets sound, speech and music
3. Wernicke’s area - comprehension of spoken and written language

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12
Q

What is the Arcuate fasciculus?

A

Bunch of axons (fibres)
Connects Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area

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13
Q

What are the main areas of the Diencephalon? x6

A

Thalmus
Hypothalmus
Subthalmus
Epithalmus
Optic tract
Third Ventricle

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14
Q

What is the function of the thalmus?

A

Part of the Diencephalon
1. Sensory information
2. Motor impulses
3. Consciousness and alertness

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15
Q

What is the function of the hypothalmus?

A

Linker and regulator
Keeps body in a regular state (homeostasis)

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16
Q

What are the four main lobes of the Cerebral hemisphere?

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Parietal lobe
  3. Temporal lobe
  4. Occipital lobe
17
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

A

“Little brain” - second largest brain region
Composed of two hemispheres
1. Movement coordination, precision and accurate timing
2. Balance and equilibrium
3. Rapid and precise speech movements

18
Q

What is the structure of the Brainstem? x4

A

Third major brain area
Connects spinal cord to brain
1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla
4. Fourth ventricle

19
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

Part of the brainstem
1. Motor and sensory functions
2. Postural and visual reflexes
3. Eye movements

20
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Part of the brainstem
1. Transmits information from cerebral hemispheres to cerebellum

21
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Part of the brainstem
1. Controls automatic bodily functions
2. Very important for speech control

22
Q

What is the function of the fourth ventricle?

A

Part of the brainstem
Protects the brain from trauma

23
Q

How many ventricles are there in the brain and what is their function?

A

Four cavities within the brain
Produces, stores and removes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Protects brain against trauma

24
Q

What are cranial meninges?

A

Three layers of protective tissue
Offers protection from shock response
Meningitis - infection of these layers
Protects the brain and spinal cord

25
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System? (PNS)

A

Nervous system that lies outside of the brain and spinal cord
Not enclosed by bone
1. Cranial nerves
2. Spinal nerves

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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