Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSRA- my cards > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What should a GP initiate if they suspect a TIA?

A

300mg Aspirin STAT and referral to specialist within 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the triad of symptoms in Wernickes encephalopathy?

A

Opthalmoplegia/ confusion/ gait ataxia/ nystagmus - (acute presentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Following a TIA, what are the driving rules?

A

If symptom free at 1 month can start driving again as long as symptom free. no need to inform dvla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cluster headache - what is the prophylaxis?

A

Veramapil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does Ramsay Hunt syndrome present?

A

Facial nerve palsy/ vesicles in mouth or ear, ear pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of Ramsay Hunt syndrome?

A

Treatment= Oral aciclovir and oral prednisolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does spinal stenosis present?

A

Bilateral leg pain on walking/ relieved on crouching forward. Weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the management of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Carbamazapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What would be seen on a CT of herpes simplex encephalitis?

A

Temporal lobe changes (hypo densities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who does herpes simplex encephalitis affect?

A

ImmunoCOMPENENT individuals. Presents with confusion, irritability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How to remember GCS?

A

654, MoVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the time frame for providing thrombectomy within?

A

6 hours!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If symptoms of a stroke are presented within 4.5 hours what should be provided?

A

Thrombectomy AND thrombolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the first line treatment for motor symptoms in Parkinson’s?

A

Levodopa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the management of TIA in GP setting if symptoms have resolved?

A

300mg Aspirin and referral to TIA clinic within 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Cataplexy?

A

Cataplexy- eg bouts of laughter produce muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the ‘thrombolysis’ window?

A

4.5 hours!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the presentation of Wilsons disease?

A

Neurological symptoms (bradykinesa/ speech/ ataxia)/ Kayser-Fleischer rings, family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the prophylaxis for preventing migranes?

A

Propanaolol
Topiramate- avoid in women of childbearing age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Post stroke what is the combination of antiplatlets?

A

Clopidogrel monotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What drug choice for generalised tonic clonic seizures?

A

Males-Sodium valporate
Females- Lamotrigine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the drug choice for absent seizures?

A

Ethosuxamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Focal seizures drug management 1st line

A

Lamotrigine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cabergoline- what type of drug and what is the side effect?

A

Dopamine receptor agonist “dostinex”
Side effect: Pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

After an ischaemic stroke what antiplatelet/ anti platelets should be given?

A

Monotherapy with clopidogrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Presentation of bulbar-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (part of motor neurone disease)

A

Difficulty swallowing liquids, facial weakness, hypophonic speech, fasciculation’s and eye movements spared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bells palsy vs stroke

A

Bells palsy- complete facial nerve paralysis
Stroke (spare the forehead).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Lewy body dementia presents how?

A

Fluctuating cognition, visual hallunications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How does an extradural haemorrage present?

A

LOC followed by lucid period and then LOC again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is an example of Dopamine receptor agonists?

A

ropinirole, Rotigine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is first line in the management of Parkinson’s?

A

If motor symptoms then levodopa.

32
Q

What does an Abducens nerve palsy present with?

A

Palsy results in defective abduction → horizontal diplopia
Eye looks inwards
Abducens is the 6th nerve

33
Q

How does an oculomotor palsy present?

A

Eye is down and out
Ptosis
Dilated pupil

34
Q

What is the most common cause of a Trochlear nerve lesion? and what would a palsy result in?

A

Head Trauma
Palsy results in downward gaze but at resting the eye looks up

35
Q

How does an ANTERIOR cerebral artery stroke present?

A

Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss

36
Q

How does a POSTERIOR cerebral artery stroke present?

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

37
Q

How does a MIDDLE cerebral artery stroke present?

A

-Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss
- Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
-Aphasia

38
Q

Presentation of Acoustic neuroma?

A

Unilateral hearing loss
Affects cranial nerves so can get facial palsy, absent corneal reflex

39
Q

How does Myasthenia Gravis present?

A

Females
Autoimmune
Extraocular muscle weakness, diplopia,
Slurred speech, Dysphagia
Ptosis

40
Q

What are the classical features of Guillain Barre syndrome?

A

Ascending weakness
Bilateral and symmetrical
Reduced reflexes

41
Q

Infantile spasm/ west syndrome- what is the presentation?

A

Spasms described as ‘drawing legs up’.
A/W birth asphyxia

42
Q

Juvenille myoclonic epilepsy (Janz syndrome)

A

Most common
Myoclonic
Jerks in the morning

43
Q

Subdural and extradural haemorrhage present how?

A

Subdural- elderly/ alcoholics. Bridging veins.Crescent shaped
Extradural- Head injury/ middle meningeal/ LUCID period/ lens shaped.

44
Q

What is the treatment of Guillian Bare?

A

IV Immunoglobulin

45
Q

What are the three features of Wernickes encephalopathy?

A

ophthalmoplegia/nystagmus, ataxia and encephalopathy

46
Q

What are the features of Multisystem atrophy?

A

Parkinsons symptoms (gait)
Autonomic disturbance
Cerebellar symptoms
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
Dry mouth and dry skin

47
Q

Carpal tunnel affects which nerve?

A

Median nerve of hand

48
Q

Foot drop is caused by injury to which nerve?

A

Common peroneal

49
Q

DVLA and stroke rules?

A

1 month off driving

50
Q

How may Neurofibromatosis type 2 present?

A

Acoustic neuroma (SNHL)
Meningioma

51
Q

How does Charcot Marie Tooth Disease present?

A

Inverted Champagne bottle legs
Pes cavus
Foot drop
‘Inherited peripheral neuropathy’

52
Q

What are the treatment principles of myasthenia Gravis?

A

Anticholinesterases
Thymectomy

53
Q

First line for a focial seizure ?

A

Lamotrigine or Levetiracetam

54
Q

Management of status epilepticus?

A

Pre hopsital: PR Diazepam/ Buccal Midazolam
In Hopsital: IV Lorazepam

55
Q

Malignant spinal cord compression vs. cauda equina?

A

Cauda equina- sensory loss over buttocks. (motor loss in toes)

Spinal cord compression- depends where the lesion is.

56
Q

What is Chiari malformation?

A

Cerebellum herniates through foramen magnum.
Presents with headache which is worse on movement

57
Q

Antiganglioside antibodies are seen in which condition?

A

Guiline Barre

58
Q

First line for absent seizure?

A

Ethosuxamide

59
Q

First line for each of these seizures:
Absent
Generalised tonic-clonic
Focal

A

Absent - Ethosuxamide

Generalised tonic-clonic- males sodium valproate
females- lamotrigine/ levetriticam

Focal seizures- lamotrigine or levetraticam

60
Q

What are the drugs indicated for Alzheimer’s dementia?

A

First line: Donepezil/ Galantamine/ Rivastigmine
Second line : Memantine (NMDA Antagonist)

61
Q

What would show on the CSF of a bacterial meningitis?

A

Polymorphic cells
Protein +
LOW GLUCOSE IN CSF when compared to serum.

62
Q

What would show on the CSF of a VIRAL meningitis?

A

Monomorphic cells
Normal or raised protein
Normal glucose

63
Q

What would show on the CSF of a FUNGAL meningitis?

A

Raised protein
Low glucose

64
Q

Adults- most common cause of bacteria meningitis?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia
Neiserria meningitis
(HIB)

65
Q

How is Huntingtons disease inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

66
Q

What are the 2 diagnostic tests for Guilliane Barre?

A

Nerve conduction studies and Lumbar puncture

67
Q

Cluster Headaches- acute and prophylaxis?

A

Acute- Triptans and O2
Prophylaxis- Vermapril
(Prednisolone)

68
Q

What are the indications for a CT head within an hour

A

GCS less 13 at time of injury
GCS less than 15 at 2 hours
Suspected basal fracture
>1 episode of vomiting

CT scan within 1 hour

69
Q

What is the triad for normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

gait abnormalities/ urinary incontinence and dementia

70
Q

Myathenia gravis - presentation
Investigations and management

A

Ptosis
Fatigabilty of muscles

Ix- acetylcholinesterase autoantibodies
Repetitive nerve conduction studies

Mx- Acetylcholinesterse inhibitors
Thymectomy

71
Q

Parkinsons drugs Co-careldopa and Co-beneldopa are a mix of which drugs?

A

Co-beneldopa: levodopa and benserazide
Co-careldopa: levodopa and carbidopa

72
Q

What is a Total Anterior Circulation Stroke (3 things)

A

Homogenous hemianopia and hemiparesis (on the same side, but contralateral to the lesion)
Dysphagia

73
Q

What is classified as a PACI?

A

2 Of the following:
- homogenous hemiapnoa
- hemiparesis
-dysphagia

74
Q

What is a lacunar infarct?

A

unilateral weakness (and/or sensory deficit) of face and arm, arm and leg or all three.

pure sensory stroke.

ataxic hemiparesis

75
Q

How does a posterior stroke present?

A
  • Isolated homogenous hemianopia
  • Cerebellar syndromes
  • Loss of consciousness

MSRA- my cards (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions