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Exam 3 A&P > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Non neuronal cells

A

Ependymal cells - produce CSF
Oligodendrocytes - support axons, provide myelin in CNS
Astrocytes - control neurotransmitter, ions, metabolites
Microglia- immune cells
Satellite cells - surround and support neurons

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2
Q

Correct order of meninges (outer to inner)

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia Mater

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3
Q

Types of stroke

A

TIA
Ischaemic
Haemorrhagic

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4
Q

Symptoms of raised ICP

A

Cushings triad
Vomiting
Nausea
Dizziness
ALOC
Seizures
“Battle sign”

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5
Q

Branches of the Peripheral nervous system

A

ANS- parasympathetic and sympathetic

SNS

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6
Q

Symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

Balance issues
Tremors
Slow movements

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7
Q

Types of cerebral palsy

A

Monoplegia- one limb

Diplegia- symmetrical- both arms or both legs

Hemiplegia- one side

Quadriplegia- all limbs

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8
Q

Lobes of the brain and main functions

A

Frontal- personality, decision, movement, smell recognition

Parietal- identification, spacial reasoning, wernickes area- language

Occipital- vision

Temporal- short term memory, speech

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9
Q

Structures of forebrain

A

Cerebrum

Limbic system

Thalamus & hypothalamus

Pineal gland

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10
Q

Structures of the Hindrain

A

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Cerebellum

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11
Q

Structures of the midbrain

A

Colliculi & inf. colliculi

Tegmentum

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12
Q

What ion channel opens at the axon terminal to allow release of neurotransmitters

A

Calcium

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13
Q

Where the neuron and muscle meets is called…

A

Neuromuscular junction

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14
Q

Three signs in cushings triad

A

Increase BP (widening pulse pressure)

Decrease pulse, decrease resp

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15
Q

Where is melatonin produced

A

Pineal gland

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16
Q

What would you expect in a person who suffered a spinal injury at L6

A

Paralysis below waist

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17
Q

What is an ischaemic stroke

A

A clot that blocks blood flow to an area of the brain

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18
Q

What is the corpus callosum

A

Bundle of nerves that allows the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate

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19
Q

Describe effects of the Parasympathetic nervous system

A

“Rest and Digest”

Constrict pupils
Stimulate saliva
Constrict Bronchi
Slow HR
Stimulate peristalsis
Stimulate bile release

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20
Q

Effects of sympathetic NS

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A

Dilates pupils
Inhibit saliva
Bronchodilator
Increase HR
Reduce peristalsis
Stimulate glucose release
Adrenaline + noradrenaline

21
Q

Name the different types of neurons

Study These Flashcards
A

Unipolar
Bipolar
Pseudounipolar
Multipolar

22
Q

How is a nerve impulse passed along a neuron

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Stimulus causes depolarisation to threshold value
  2. Na+ channels open, rapid influx making internal environment positive
  3. Depolarisation
  4. Na+ channels close, k+ channels open, k+ moves out of cell slowly making it more negative
  5. Repolarisation
23
Q

Common neurotransmitters

Study These Flashcards
A

Adrenaline/ noradrenaline (catecholamines)
Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
Actelycholine
Glutamine
Endorphins

24
Q

Spinal injuries

Study These Flashcards
A

C4- quadriplegia, complete para below neck

C6- hands and arms, lower body

T6- paraplegia. Below chest para

L1- paraplegia, below waist

25
Signs of meningitis
Non-blanching rash Fever Photophobia Headache Neck stiffness Aches and pains Vomiting & nausea
26
Explain MS
Inflammatory response due to lesions, myelin sheath of brain and spinal cord damaged. Lack of conductivity. Myelin sheath replaced by plaques
27
Causes of headaches
Inflammation Muscle contraction Traction Vascular
28
Types of headaches
Temporomandibular Joint Sinusitis Cluster Tension Migraine Cervicogenic Medication overuse
29
Explain temporal arteritis and it’s main symptoms
Inflammation of the temporal artery Frequent severe headaches Pain and tenderness around temples Jaw pain Vision disturbances
30
What is another name for the cell body of a neuron
Cell Soma
31
What’s an Axon?
The long extension of a neuron
32
What are the small wiggly extension from a neuron called?
Dendrites
33
Components of a reflex arc
Receptor Afferent/ sensory neuron Interneuron Efferent/motor neuron Effector
34
Where is Broca’s area of the brain
Frontal lobe
35
What does the limbic system do?
Regulates expression of emotional and emotional memory
36
What is Wernickes area responsible for?
Comprehension of language and production of speech
37
Which of the following is **NOT** a component of the brainstem? Cerebrum. Pons. Medulla. Midnbrian
Cerebrum
38
Between which two meninges would you get a sub-arachnoid bleed?
Arachnoid and pia mater
39
Are the following symptoms associated with cushings TRIAD or cushings SYNDROME: Increase BP, decrease pulse, decrease resp
Cushings TRIAD
40
Causes of traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Impact to skull Penetration of skull (i.e GSW) Rapid acceleration/deceleration
41
What is rLOC?
Reduced levels of consciousness
42
Name a potential fatal complication in the first 10 mins of impact to the brain?
Impact brain apnoea Due to force to the brain stem
43
What is a palsy?
Type of paralysis which often accompanies loss of sensation and uncontrolled movements
44
What would happen to a patient with injury to the spine at T6?
Paraplegia, Paralysis below the chest
45
Signs of neurogenic shock? (Organ tissue hypoperfusion due to spinal injury)
Sudden hypotension Bradycardia Warm flushed skin Priaprism🍆⬆️💪🏽💪🏽 Organ dysfunction Respiratory arrest
46
Name four types of seizure
Tonic-clonic Ascent Myoclonic Tonic/atonic Simple partial Complex partial
47
What is a seizure?
Sudden uncontrolled discharge of neurons producing change in brain function
48
Am I right?
Shut up Kash
49
How do magic mushrooms (psilocybin) work? (Not relevant for the test I just think it’s cool)
Basically flood your brains serotonin receptors, and can possibly reconnect areas of the brain so it has potential uses in therapy

Exam 3 A&P (4 decks)

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