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ANCC > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

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1
Q

Headache characterized by sudden, severe, one-sided pain and associated eye tearing and nasal drainage

A

Cluster headache

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2
Q

Cluster headache abortive treatment

A

Triptans such as sumatriptan (Imitrex)
100% high flow oxygen

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3
Q

Cluster headache preventative treatment

A

Verapamil (calcium channel blocker)

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4
Q

Headache characterized by one-sided throbbing pain in the temporal region, vision changes, and increased ESR/CRP levels

A

Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)

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5
Q

Temporal arteritis associated condition

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

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6
Q

Headache characterized by a throbbing, pulsating nature with nausea/vomiting and sensitivity to lights/noise

A

Migraine (with or without aura)

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7
Q

What is an aura?

A

Sensory disturbances (floaters, flashing lights, vision loss) preceding or during headache

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8
Q

Is a migraine typically unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral

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9
Q

Headache that presents bilaterally with a pressure-like quality, no other significant symptoms

A

Tension-type headaches

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10
Q

Migraine preventative treatment

A
  1. Beta blockers
  2. TCAs
  3. Topiramate (Topamax)
  4. CGRP antagonists
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11
Q

Migraine abortive treatment

A

Triptans

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12
Q

Triptan prescribing considerations

A

Avoid in uncontrolled HTN, CAD, serotonin medications (eg SSRIs)

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13
Q

Parkinson disease cardinal symptoms

A
  1. Bradykinesia (needed for diagnosis)
  2. Resting tremors
  3. Rigidity
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14
Q

Parkinson disease is caused by a depletion of:

A

Dopamine

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15
Q

Parkinson disease later symptom

A

Postural instability

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16
Q

Parkinson disease treatment

A

Carbidopa levodopa (Sinemet)

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17
Q

Essential tremor treatment

A

Propranolol

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18
Q

Brudzinski sign

A

When flexing back of head, it causes patients’ hips and knees to flex with it due to meningeal irritation

Think “B” for Back of head

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19
Q

Kernig sign

Study These Flashcards
A

Patient unable to extend knee past 90 degree angle without pain

Think “K” for Knee and Kernig
Make a K by straightening the leg

20
Q

Multiple sclerosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Demyelinated lesions in brain and spinal cord; affects CNS communication to peripheral nerves

21
Q

Multiple sclerosis symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

Muscle weakness, balance issues, sensory loss, persistent fatigue

Optic nerve involvement: optic neuritis

22
Q

Most common form of dementia

Study These Flashcards
A

Alzheimer disease

23
Q

4 As of Alzheimer disease

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Amnesia
  2. Apraxia
  3. Agnosia
  4. Aphasia
24
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

25
What cranial nerve is affected in Trigeminal neuralgia?
CN V (Trigeminal)
26
What cranial nerve is affected in Bell palsy?
CN VII (Facial)
27
Agnosia
Inability to recognize familiar faces/people
28
Apraxia
Inability to carry out purposeful movements or gestures
29
Amnesia
Memory loss
30
Aphasia
Loss of speech/inability to comprehend
31
Which vitamin deficiency usually leads to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
32
Aphasia that develops if Wernicke area is impacted
Receptive aphasia
33
Aphasia that develops if Broca area is impacted
Expressive aphasia
34
Seizure diagnostic test
EEG
35
Thunderclap headache diagnostic test
CT scan
36
Headache abortive therapy
Triptans To stop acute attack
37
Headache preventative therapy
Prophylaxis
38
Temporal arteritis treatment?
Temporal artery biopsy ED referral if vision changes
39
Diabetic neuropathy treatment
- SNRI (Duloxetine, Venlafaxine) - TCA (Amitriptyline) - Gabapentinoids (Pregabalin, Gabapentin)
40
Alzheimer disease treatment (mild to moderate)
Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Donepezil) Initiate EARLY
41
Alzheimer disease treatment (moderate to severe)
NMDA (Memantine) Use with cholinesterase inhibitors
42
Pharmacological treatment of severe, persistent behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer disease
SSRIs: may reduce agitation and paranoia Olanzapine: consider first Quetiapine: alternative
43
What to do if a patient reports “worst headache of their life”?
Immediate ED referral to rule out stroke
44
What do we need to prescribe to every patient with Bell palsy?
Eye lubricant to prevent corneal abrasion
45
Trigeminal neuralgia
Severe, stabbing facial pain down one of more of the three branches of trigeminal nerve
46
Bell palsy treatment
Glucocorticoids Antivirals

ANCC (10 decks)

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