Neurology

Question 1

pregnant patients at risk of preterm birth are given what medication to prevent cerebral palsy

Answer 1

IV magnesium sulphate

Question 2

risk of recurrence of febrile seizure

Answer 2

30-35% recurrence and usually within 1 year of initial seizure

Question 3

most common brain tumour in children

Answer 3

pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 4

Bipolar neoplastic cells with hairlike projections;
associated with microcysts and Rosenthal fibers (eosinophilic, corkscrew fibers); cystic + solid mass (gross)

Answer 4

pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 5

most common suprasellar tumour in chidlren

Answer 5

craniopharyngioma

Question 6

features of craniopharyngioma

Answer 6

calcifications (differntiates it from pituitary tumour)

cholesterol crystals found in ‘motor oil’-like fluid

derived from Rathkes pouch (ectoderm)

may present with bitemporal hemianopia

Question 7

what organic condition is associated with breath-holding spells

Answer 7

significant association with types of anaemia such as iron deficiency anaemia

Question 8

first sign of Rett syndrome

Answer 8

deceleration of head growth

Question 9

definitive diagnostic modality for Rett syndrome

Answer 9

DNA analysis for MECP2 gene mutation

Question 10

complications of untreated chiari malformation

Answer 10

hydrocephalus
cerebellar dysfunction i.e. ataxia, nystagmus)
cranial neuropathies
brainstem compression (difficulty swallowing, central sleep apnea, hoarsness)