Neurology Flashcards
(27 cards)
Where is most CSF produced
the choroid plexus in the lateral, third and fourth ventricles
What is the toal CSF volume in a neonate
60mls (adult 150)
What is CSF production
500mls per day
What is CSF production
500mls per day
What colour is CSF
clear
What colour might it be if there is blood in in
yellow pink or straw coloured
What would turbid or cloudy CSF indicate
inflammatory cells
the presence of micro organism or raised protein
What would turbid or cloudy CSF indicate
inflammatory cells
the presence of micro organism or raised protein
What should CSF glucose be
2/3rds that of blood glucose
a ration of CSF to blood clucose is considered pathological
What WBC and RBC levels are in normal CSF
no RBC
less the 5 WBC per ml
less than 2g protein per mil
What vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate
L1
What are the indication for a lumbar puncture
CNS infection
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Therapeutic reduction of CSF
Sampling CSF
What are the contraindications
Raised ICP (!!!!) Spinal cord mass or lesion Pailloedema Incontrolled bleeding diathesis Spinal column deformity lack fo patient cooperation local skin infection at puncture site
What are the contraindications
Raised ICP (!!!!) Spinal cord mass or lesion Pailloedema Incontrolled bleeding diathesis Spinal column deformity lack fo patient cooperation local skin infection at puncture site
What happens in a younger child when intracranial pressure is raised
their head size will expand
fontanelles not fused yet
What happens in a younger child when intracranial pressure is raised
their head size will expand
fontanelles not fused yet
What is CPP
cerebral perfusion pressure =
mean arterial blood pressure-intracranial pressure
What is CPP
cerebral perfusion pressure =
mean arterial blood pressure-intracranial pressure
What is hydrocephalus
a disturbance in CSF production flow and reabsorption resulting in an excessive amount of CSF in skull
What is the most important sign of hydrocephalus in an infant
enlarged head circumferance
What is the most important sign of hydrocephalus in an infant
enlarged head circumferance
What are late signs of hydrocephalus
splaying sutures enlarged fontanelles setting sun sign prominent scalp veins poor feeding vominting reduced activity irritable
What are late signs of hydrocephalus
splaying sutures enlarged fontanelles setting sun sign prominent scalp veins poor feeding vominting reduced activity irritable
What are the signs and symptoms in older childen and adults of hydrocephalus
Slowing of mental capacity, cognitive deterioration
Headaches (initially in the morning)
Neck pain, suggesting tonsillar herniation
Vomiting, more significant in the morning
Blurred vision: A consequence of papilledema and, later, of optic atrophy
Double vision: Related to unilateral or bilateral sixth nerve palsy
Difficulty in walking secondary to spasticity: Preferentially affects the lower limbs because the periventricular pyramidal tract is stretched by the hydrocephalus
Drowsiness
