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H&P II Written Exam > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What composes the Central Nervous System?

A

Brain
Brainstem
Spinal Cord

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2
Q

What composes the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Cranial Nerves (12)
Peripheral Nerves
Ascending and Descending Pathways

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3
Q

What are the main functions of the Cerebrum?

A 
Body Movement
Personality 
Concentration
Problem Solving 
Emotional Reactions
Language
Speech
Smell
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4
Q

What is the function of the Thalamus?

A

Interpretation of taste, pain, and touch

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5
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

A

Regulation of HR, temperature, sleep, aggression, hunger, and thirst

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6
Q

What is the function of the Pineal Gland?

A

Melatonin sleep cycle regulation

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7
Q

What composes the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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8
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Coordination of voluntary movement (posture, balance)

Helps maintain body upright in space

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9
Q

How many spinal nerves do we have?

A

31:

  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
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10
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of what 2 divisions?

A

Sensory (afferent) division

Motor (efferent) division

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11
Q

What are the general functions of the Somatic Sensory System?

A

Touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, and proprioception

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12
Q

What are the special functions of the Somatic Sensory System?

A

Hearing, equilibrium, and vision

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13
Q

What are the general functions of the Visceral Sensory System?

A

Stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes

Senses irritation in nausea and hunger

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14
Q

What are the special functions of the Visceral Sensory System?

A

Taste and smell

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15
Q

What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?

A

Motor innervation of all skeletal muscles

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16
Q

What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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17
Q

What two cranial nerves attach to the forebrain?

A

I and II

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18
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory)?

A

Transmits the sense of smell

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19
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve II (Optic)?

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A

Transmits visual information to the brain

20
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)?

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A

Innervation of eye muscles

21
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear)?

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A

Innervation of the superior oblique muscle

22
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal)?

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A

Receives sensation from the face and innervates the muscles of mastication

23
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens)?

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A

Innervation of the lateral rectus

24
Q

What is the function of Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)?

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A

Provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression

25
What is the function of Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear)?
Senses sound, rotation, and gravity
26
What is the function of Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)?
Motor: Pharyngeal Musculature Sensory: Posterior part of tongue, tonsil, and pharynx
27
What is the function of Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)?
Motor: Heart, lungs, bronchi, GIT Sensory: Heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, GIT, external ear
28
What is the function of Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory)?
Controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
29
What is the function of Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal)?
Provides motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue
30
What is the function of an Upper Motor Neuron?
Mediate Voluntary Movement Integrate complicated or delicate movements via stimulation or inhibition of muscle actions Carry inhibitory impulses
31
If damage to an upper motor neuron occurs above the level of crossover at the medulla, motor impairment will present on which side?
Contralateral side to lesion
32
If damage to an upper motor neuron occurs below the level of crossover, motor impairment will present on which side?
Ipsilateral side as lesion
33
What is the function of a lower motor neuron?
Perform voluntary movement Innervate skeletal muscle fibers Link between UMN and muscles
34
Lower motor neurons are comprised of ___________ and _________ spinal motor neurons
Cranial | Spinal
35
Lower motor neurons originate in the __________ horn of the spinal cord with extension into the ____________ nervous system
Anterior | Peripheral
36
Lesions involving the brainstem, cerebrum, or cerebellum are considered _________ lesions
Central
37
Lesions involving the CN nuclei, nerves, or neuromuscular junctions are considered _________ lesions
Peripheral
38
What are the 3 major sensory tracts?
Posterior Column Tract Spinothalamic Tract Spinocerebellar Tract
39
What is the function of a First-order neuron?
Deliver Sensations to the CNS
40
What is a Second-order Neuron?
An interneuron within the cell body in the spinal cord or brain
41
What is the function of a Third-order neuron?
Transmit information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex
42
Muscle tone will be __________ in damage to an upper motor neuron, and __________ in damage to a lower motor neuron
Increased/spastic | Decreased/flaccid
43
Hyperreflexia will be seen with damage to an ______ motor neuron, whereas Hyporeflexia will be seen with damage to a _______ motor neuron
Upper | Lower
44
You will see severe muscle atrophy with damage to an upper or lower motor neuron?
Lower Motor Neuron
45
Fasiculations will be seen with damage to an upper or lower motor neuron?
Lower Motor Neuron
46
If there is damage to an upper motor neuron, you will see splaying with which sign?
Babinski Sign

H&P II Written Exam (1 decks)

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