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Flashcards in Neurology Deck (20)
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1
Q

What receptor is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm?

A

5-HT7

2
Q

What is central achromatopsia?

A

Complete inability to perceive color

3
Q

What is simultanagnosia?

A

The inability to integrate a visual scene to perceive it as a whole

4
Q

What is Gerstmann syndrome?

A

Includes agraphia, acalculia, right-left disorientation, and finger agnosia (thought to be due to lesions in dominant parietal lobe)

5
Q

What is appreceptive visual agnosia?

A

The inability to identify and draw items using visual cues, though other sensory modalities are preserved

6
Q

What is oculomotor apraxia?

A

The inability to direct gaze rapidly

7
Q

What is prosopagnosia?

A

The inability to recognize faces in the presence of preserved recognition of other objects (thought to be disconnect of the left inferior temporal cortices (ITC) from the visual association area in the left parietal lobe).

8
Q

What is color agnosia?

A

The inability to recognize a color despite being able to match it.

9
Q

What is Balint syndrome?

A

A triad of optic ataxia (inability to direct optically guided movements), oculomotor apraxia, and simultanagnosia (seen in bilateral parieto-occipital lesions)

10
Q

What is Anton syndrome?

A

Failure to acknowledge blindness (seen with bilateral occipital lobe lesions)

11
Q

What is associative visual agnosia?

A

The inability to name or use objects despite the ability to draw them (caused by bilateral medial occipitotemporal lesions)

12
Q

What has the substance protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) been implicated in?

A

Forgetting - cleans out memories that are not being used in the brain

13
Q

What symptoms does damage to the right prefrontal area cause?

A

Laughter, euphoria, and a tendency to joke and make puns.

14
Q

What symptoms does damage to the left prefrontal area cause?

A

Depression and uncontrollable crying

15
Q

What symptoms does damage to the orbitofrontal area cause?

A

Disinhibition, irritability, lability, euphoria, and lack of remorse. Insight and judgment are impaired. Patients are distractable. Features are similar to antisocial personality disorder.

16
Q

What symptoms do lesions in the dorsolateral area of the frontal lobe lead to?

A

Deficiencies of planning, monitoring, flexibility, and motivation. Patients lack foresight, goal-directedness, focus, or sustained effort. They appear inattentive and under-motivated, cannot plan novel cognitive activity, and exhibit a tendency to linger on trivial thoughts. They may echo examiner’s questions and react primarily to details rather than the big picture.

17
Q

What are the symptoms of Wernicke encephalopathy?

A

COAT: confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and thiamin to treat

18
Q

What are the symptoms of Korsakoff syndrome?

A

RACK: retrograde and anterograde amnesia, confabulation, Korsakoff syndrome

19
Q

Action of serotonin receptors in this part of the body may contribute to sexual dysfunction in patients taking an SSRI?

A

Spinal cord

20
Q

What are symptoms of occipital lobe tumors?

A

Headache, papilledema, homonymous hemianopsia, visual problems, seizures, and visual hallucinations or auras of flashing lights and movement.