Neurology Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
Uncooked pork
A
Neurocysticercosis
2
Q
Anti-GAD antibodies
A
Stiff Person Syndrome
3
Q
Aqua-porin 4 antibodies
A
Neuromyelitis Optica
4
Q
Anti-GQ1b antibodies
A
Miller Fischer Variant of GBS
5
Q
Acetylcholine antibodies
A
Myasthenia Gravis
6
Q
Voltage Gated Ca Channel antibodies
A
Lambert-Eaton
7
Q
Stiff neck, can’t move eyes up/down, hallucinations
A
Progressive Supra Nuclear Palsy
8
Q
Morning headaches, cold winter months, new house
A
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
9
Q
MS Pregnancy Rx
A
Glatiramir
10
Q
Polydipsia, polyurea, CN palsy (3) that is pupil sparing
A
Type 1 Diabetes
11
Q
Proximal leg weakness + decreased grip strength
A
Inclusion Body Myositis
12
Q
DX steps for Temporal Arteritis
A
steroids THEN biopsy
13
Q
Vitamin Deficiency - confusion, confabulation, 6th nerve palsy
A
Thiamine (B1)
14
Q
Vit. Def. - 3D’s = dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis
A
Niacin (B3)
15
Q
Vit. Def. - fatigue, memory loss, proprioception loss, macrocytic anemia
A
Cobalamin (B12)
16
Q
Vit. Def. - neuropathy, anemia, cracked lips, swollen tongue
A
Pyridoxine (B6)
17
Q
Vit. Def. - fatigue, weakness, lethargy, pale skin, SOB, irritability, neural tube defects
A
Folate (B9)
18
Q
Vit. Def. - idiopathic intracranial HTN
A
A (surplus)
19
Q
Vit. Def. - bone density, depression, autoimmune disease
A
D
20
Q
Vit. Def. - neuropathy, ataxia, muscle weakness
A
E
21
Q
Min. Def. - microcytic anemia, restless legs, crave ice
A
Iron
22
Q
CN Abn - Kleinfelter’s, craniopharengioma
A
1
23
Q
CN Abn - optic neuritis (MS, lupus, NMO)
A
2
24
Q
CN Abn - pupil sparing, can’t move eye up/down
A
3 (diabetes)
25
CN Abn - can't move eye up/down
PCOM aneurysm
26
CN Abn - VZV, HSV
5
27
CN Abn - Thiamine deficiency, B12
6
28
CN Abn - Bell's Palsy
7
29
CN Abn - Acoustic Neuroma, superfical siderosis
8
30
STROKE: contralateral pure motor or combined sensorimotor deficits
internal capsule
31
STROKE: loss of pain/temperature ipsilateral face and contralateral body; ipsilateral bulbar muscle weakness; Horner Syndrome
lateral medullary (PICA)
32
STROKE: ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy; ataxia; contralateral hemiparesis
midbrain
33
STROKE: contralateral sensory loss; hemiparesis; cortical signs (aphasia, agnosia)
postcentral gyrus (ACA, MCA)
34
STROKE: contralateral hemiparesis; sensory loss; conjugate gaze palsy towards lesion
putamen/internal capsule
35
Most common site of hypertensive intraparenchymal brain hemorrhage
putamen (internal capsule is nearby so is usually involved)
36
STROKE: pure sensory; contralateral loss of all sensory modalities;
posterolateral thalamus (usually a lacunar stroke)
37
Arterial supply associated with lacunar infarct in thalamus
Small branches of PCA
38
1st line pharmacotherapy for RLS
dopamine agonists: pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine, cabergoline, levodopa with carbidopa
39
Order for carpal tunnel treatment
1. night splint
2. injection with steroid
3. nerve decompression surgery
40
organophosphate poisoning that results in increased __________ activity
acetylcholine
41
treatment for organophosphate poisoning
atropine and pralidoxime
42
causes of organophosphate poisoning
nerve gas, insecticide, herbicide, industrial chemicals
43
gastric motility drug that will cause parkinson symptoms
metoclopramide
44
The pelvic and shoulder girdle muscles are most commonly affected. Other muscles, e.g., the neck flexors, may also be affected.
Leads to difficulties combing hair, standing up, and climbing stairs.
polymyositis
45
triceps + neck involvement =
cervical nerve root problem
46
bilateral schwanommas
NMF2
47
taking isoniazid? vit. deficiency leading to neuropathy...
b6 (pyridoxine)
48
s/e of ethambutol
eye stuff
49
1st line = Alzheimer
donepezil/physostigmine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)
50
2nd line = Alzheimer
memantine (NMDA antagonist)
51
motor neuron degeneration
ALS
52
1st line = dystonia
anticholinergic
53
bilateral temporal hemianopia
pituitary adenoma
54
lead poisoning (ABCDE)
```
anemia (microcytic)
basophilic stippling
constipation
drop (foot/wrist)
encephalopathy
```
55
autoimmune disorder of the basal ganglia
sydenham chorea
56
emotional lability + tic like movements (acute)
sydenham chorea
57
spinal compression tx
IV steroids
58
hasn't peed =
cord compression (give steroids!!)
59
meyers loop
part of nerve in temporal lobe (eyes)
60
pie in the sky
top left/right portion of visual field missing (temporal lobe)
61
hearing loss + other facial nerve stuff
acoustic neuroma
62
multiple ring enhancing lesions + HIV
TOXO
63
tx for vertebral/carotid dissection =
heparin
64
normal rinne (ear) + abnormal weber (forehead)=
sensorineural hearing loss (think about acoustic neuroma)
65
RA + Down Syndrome = pre-op xrays for...
upper cervical spine (atlantoaxial instability)
66
headache + bitemporal hemianopsia think...
pituitary gland mass
67
risperidone
dopamine
68
lead pipe rigidity
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
69
specks of calcium + pituitary mass
craniopharyngioma
70
pituitary mass + urinary frequency
craniopharyngioma
71
encephalopathy + icterus + asterixis
hepatic encephalopathy
72
chronic GBS (year +) think...
poliomyelitis
73
% considered "high grade" for aortic stenosis
70
74
stroke + urinary incontinence
ACA
75
Niemann Pick vs Tay Sachs
NP: cherry red macula, areflexia, hepatosplenomegaly (sphingo)
TS: cherry red macula, hyperreflexia (beta a)
76
Cauda equina vs. conus medularis
CE: radicular pain (radiating), saddle anesthesia, asymm. weakness, hypo/areflexia
CM: back pain, perianal anesthesia, symm. weakness, hyperreflexia
77
First line therapy for sciatica
NSAIDS
78
rapidly presenting + severe symptoms + ischemic stroke =
cardioembolic (probably some heart disease as well)
79
amarosis fugax think...
ipsilateral internal carotid
80
tilt test negative
NOT vasovagal
81
shaving and pass out...
carotid sinus hypersensitivity
82
tx for hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose
83
McArdle Syndrome
little bouts of rhabdo
84
glycogen storage + autosomal recessive + acute rhabdo
McArdle Syndrome
85
hard, thick nerve =
leprosy
86
the biggest arch EVER
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
87
stroke + pupil dilation problems
PCA
88
REM sleep d/o dx
polysomnography
89
axillary nerve
deltoid
90
long thoracic nerve
winged scapula
91
musculocutaneous nerve
brachialis + biceps
92
dorsal hand, wrist drop
radial
93
give b1 to alcoholics prevent...
wernickes (anterograde amnesia)
94
AMS + ataxia + ophthalmoplegia
wernickes
95
most common cause of noncongenital hearing loss
CMV
96
toxo tx
sulfadiazine-sulfamethoxaloe
97
single ring enhancing lesion + HIV
think cns lymphoma vs. toxo
tx toxo
still sx -- brain bx
98
cns lymphoma tx
methotrexate
99
mesolimbic pathway
antipsychotic effect (decreased - therapeutic; increased - euphoria)
100
nigrostriatal pathway
extrapyramidal symptoms (decreased - Parkinsons; increased - movement d/o)
101
tuberoinfundibular pathway
hyperprolactinemia (increased - prevents prolactin release; decreased - increased prolactin)
102
Self mutilation + chorea + hyper reflexes in a child think...
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
103
star on CT
subarachnoid hemorrhage (berry aneurysm)
104
uncal herniation can cause...
oculomotor nerve palsy
105
uti + delirium think...
metabolic encephalopathy
106
ipsilateral sensory face + contralateral sensory body think...
PICA (lateral medullary)
107
Weber =
ipsilateral CN3 palsy + contralateral hemiplegia (medial midbrain); acoustic neuroma
108
Benedikt =
ipsilateral CN 3 palsy + contralateral ataxia (paramedian midbrain); pineal tumor
109
neurogenic bladder =
overflow incontinence
110
vision stuff + homemade liquor
methanol
111
sensory problems that stop at midline think...
conversion disorder
112
macrocytic anemia + no FND + more common...
B9
113
gait problems + tongue problems think...
tumor of foramen magnum
114
hypertension + retinal hemorrhage
nimodipine (or nifedipine)
115
EBV DNA in CSF
CNS lymphoma
116
decreased grip strength + swallow problems + facial weakness in a 12-30 y/o
myotonic muscular dystrophy
117
ataxia + AMS + eye stuff =
Wernickes encephalopathy
118
ataxia + AMS + eye stuff + amnesia + confabulation =
Korsakoffs
119
loss of pain/temperature + weakness + areflexia in upper limbs think...
cervical cord/syrinx
120
loss of pain/temperature + weakness + areflexia + paralysis think...
anterior cord syndrome (spinal shock)
121
Wilson disease dx...
serum ceruloplasmin (blood) + Kayser-Fleischer rings (eye)
122
1st step for MG
ct of chest (THYMOMA)
123
lancating back pain + dribbling urine + ataxia + pupils think...
neurosyphilis
124
tx for neurosyphilis
IV penicillin
125
ANYTHING THAT IS CEREBELLAR THINK...
ipsilateral
126
1st line for cancer pain (mild) =
NSAIDS
127
2nd line for cancer pain (refractory) =
short-acting opioids
128
3rd line for cancer pain (refractory/severe) =
long-acting opioids + short for breakthrough pain
129
conduction aphasia =
articulate fasiculus
130
muscle wasting + balding + testicular atrophy + v shaped upper lip =
Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
131
Lower Motor Neuron Sx
Muscle atrophy, fasiculations, weakness, hypotonia, hyporeflexia
132
Upper Motor Neuron Sx
Spasticity, brisk reflexes, Babinski sign
133
Sympathetics make pupils...
big
134
Parasympathetics make pupils...
small
135
Sympathetic =
fight or flight
136
Parasympathetic =
rest and digest
137
Diplopia worse when reading/walking downstairs =
CN 4
138
Superior oblique lesion --
trouble looking down
139
Inferior oblique lesion --
trouble looking up
140
Lesions to the MLF lead to...
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
141
Intraparenchymal hemorrhages think....
Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysm
142
brachioradialis + triceps
radial
143
give b2 to kids for....
headaches + migraines
