Neurology Flashcards
Where are the four primary restriction points of the esophagus?
At the…
Cricopharyngeus muscle
Arch of the aorta
Left main bronchus
Passage of the esophagus through the diaphragm
What major nerve does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve come off of?
The left vagus nerve
What nerve contributes to the anterior vagal trunk?
Left vagus nerve
What nerve contributes to the posterior vagal trunk?
Right vagus nerve
What three cervical nerves supply the phrenic nerve?
C3, C4, C5
Where will you find the phrenic nerve near to the heart?
Almost “buried in the heart.”
Between the fibrous pericardium and the mediastinal parietal pleura
What are the atypical intercostal nerves?
1-2
7-11
What are the three major branches of the intercostal nerves?
Lateral cutaneous branches
Muscular branches
Anterior cutaneous branches
Why does the anterior ramus of the 1st thoracic spinal nerve make an atypical intercostal nerve?
Because most of the 1st thoracic spinal nerve joins with the brachial plexus.
Why is the second intercostal nerve atypical?
Because it makes a cutaneous branch that joins with “a brachial component” to make the intercostobrachial nerve
Why are intercostal nerves 7-11 atypical?
As they run around the ribs, they continue past the ribs and become thoracoabdominal nerves
Where is the lateral horn of the spinal cord found?
T1-L2
What do we call a presynaptic nerve fiber heading to a prevertebral ganglion?
A Splanchnic nerve
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions to the:
Pulmonary plexus
Sympathetic: Pulmonary splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetic: Pulmonary branch of the vagus nerve
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions to the:
Superficial and Deep Cardiac Plexus
Sympathetic: Cardiac Splanchnic Nerves
Parasympathetic: Superior, Middle, and Inferior Cardiac branches of the vagus nerve.
The aortic plexus has the same sympathetic and parasympathetic contribution as what other plexus?
The cardiac plexus
(Cardiac splanchnic nerves / Superior, middle, and inferior cardiac branches of the vagus nerve.)
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions to the:
Esophageal Plexus
Sympathetic: Greater splanchnic nerve
Parasympathetic: Esophageal branches of the vagus nerve
What is the receptor on the target organ for parasympathetics?
Muscarinic Ach Receptor
Parasympathetics has what effect on HR, contraction, GI motility, and sphincter?
1) Decrease HR and contraction
2) Increase GI motility
3) Sphincter relaxation
What sympathetic receptor increases HR and contraction?
What sympathetic receptor increases BP by vasoconstriction?
What sympathetic receptor increases O2 in lungs by bronchodilation?
1) Beta 1 and 2
2) Alpha 1
3) Beta 2
Which division of the ANS has long presynaptic fibers and short postsynaptic?
Which has short presynaptic and long postsynaptic?
1) Parasympathetic
2) Sympathetic
Voice changes can occur due to a growth at the aortic arch compressing?
What lymph nodes are most likely enlarged?
1) Left recurrent laryngeal n
2) Mediastinal
What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve wrap under?
Ligamentum arteriosum
What nerve runs between the mediastinal parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium?
Phrenic n
