Neurology

Question 1

EA Carbamazepine

Answer 1

Aplastic anemia, agranolocytosis
Ataxia
Diplopia
Liver toxicity
Teratogenic (clef palate/lip,Spina bifida)
Induction of cytochrome P450
SIADH
SJS

Question 2

EA Etusuximide

Answer 2

F-Faigue
G-GI distress
H-Headache
I-tching
J- SJS

Question 3

Use: Postherpetic neuralgia

Peripheral neuropathy

Answer 3

Gabapentin

Question 4

EA:Hemaphagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

SJS

Answer 4

Lamotrigine

Blocks Na+ channel
Inhibits release glutamate

Question 5

EA: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (personality change)

Answer 5

Levetiracetam

Question 6

SV2A receptor blocker

Modulate GABA, glutamate release, inhibit Ca++ channels

Answer 6

Levetiracetam

Question 7

EA Phenytoin

Answer 7

P450 induction
Hirsutism
Enlarged gums
Nystagmus
Yellow brown skin
Teratogenicity
Osteopenia
Inhibited pholate absorption
SLE like syndrome

Question 8

Use: Mioclonic seizures

Answer 8

Valproic acid

Question 9

EA Valproic acid

Answer 9

Pancreatitis 
Teratogenic: Neural tube defect
Tremor
Weight gain
GI distress

Question 10

Irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor

Answer 10

Vigabatrin

Question 11

EA: Visual loss

Answer 11

Vigabatrin

Question 12

Contraindicated in porphyria

Answer 12

Barbiturates

Question 13

Short acting BZ

Answer 13

ATOM
Alprazolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam
**Higher adictive potential

Question 14

BZ for status epilepticus

Answer 14

Lorazepam
Midazolam
Diacepam

Question 15

BZ in liver disease

Answer 15

Lorazepam
Oxacepam
Temazepam

Question 16

Suvorexant

Answer 16

Hypocretin (orexin) receptor antagonist

Question 17

AChE inhibitor

Answer 17

Donepezilo
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Use: Alzheimer

Question 18

NMDA antagonist

Answer 18

Memantine

Use: Alzzheimer

Question 19

Use: ALS

Increases survival

Answer 19

Riluzole

Reduces glutamate excitoxicity

Question 20

Use: hungtinton disease

Answer 20

Tetrabenazine

Inhibits VMAT

Question 21

Dantrolene

Answer 21

Rianodine receptor antagonist

Use: Malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 22

Inhaled anesthesics

Answer 22

"ANE"
Desflurane
Halothane
Enflurane
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Methoxyflurane

Question 23

IV anesthesics

Answer 23

Propofol
Midazolam
Ketamine-NMDA antagonist
Thiopental

Question 24

Local anethesics - amides

Answer 24

LIdocaIne
BupIvacaIne
RopIvacIne

Question 25

Order of neuron blockade

Answer 25

Small myelinizated, small unmielinizated, large myelinated, laage unmyelinated Pain, temperature, touch, pressure

Question 26

EA: severe cardiovascular toxicity

Answer 26

BupIvacaIne

Question 27

EA: Metahemoglobinemia

Answer 27

Benzocaine

Question 28

Local anesthesics- ester

Answer 28

Procaine Tetracaine Benzocaine Chlorprocaine

Question 29

Use of Neuromuscular blockade

Answer 29

Muscle paralysis in surgery or mechanical ventilation | Selective for Nm at neuromuscular junction but not autonomic Nn

Question 30

Succynylcholine

Answer 30

Depolarizing neuromuscular blockade Strong ACh receptor agonist----sustained depolarization Reversal of blockade: Phase II---cholinesterase inhibitor

Question 31

Nodepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs

Answer 31

AtraCUrium, PanCUronium, Ach Competitive Ach antagonist Reversal of blokade: cholinesterase inhibitors + anticholinergics (glycopyrrolate, atrhopine)

Question 32

Neostigmine, edrophonium

Answer 32

cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 33

Baclofen

Answer 33

GABAb receptor aagonist | Use: muscle spasticity, dystonia, MS

Question 34

Use: MS

Answer 34

Baclofen, Tizanidine

Question 35

Use ALS; α 2 agonist

Answer 35

Tizanidine

Question 36

``` Opioids Full agonists Partial agonist Mixed agonist/Antagonist Antagonist ```

Answer 36

1. Morphine, heroin, meperidine, t¿methadone, codeine, fentanyl 2. Buprenorphine 3. Nalbuphine, pentazocine, butorphanol 4. Naloxone, naltrexone, methylnaltrexone

Question 37

Severe pain (migraine, labor)

Answer 37

Butorphanol K-opioid: agonist u-opioid: partial agonist

Question 38

Tramadol

Answer 38

Inhibits reuptake of seronotin and NE EA: decreases seizure thershold Use: chronic pain

Question 39

Glaucoma therapy: 1. B-blockers 2. α agonists 3. Diuretics 4. Prostaglandins 5. Cholinomimetics M3

Answer 39

1. ↓ synthesis humor aqueus: betaxeolol, carteolol 2. ↓ synthesis humor aqueus ; ↓ synthesis humor aqueus by vasoconstriction (epinephrine) 3. ↓ synthesis humor aqueus by inbition of carbonic anhydrase 4. ↑ drainage; ↓ resistance of flow through uveoscleral pathway 5. ↑ drainage; conraction of ciliary muscle and openind of trabecular meshwork