Neurology journals 2015-2019 Flashcards
What are some characteristics of focal epilepsy manifesting as fear-related behavior in Boerboel dogs
Onset of signs was 3 months
howling, fearful faical expression, trembling
normal biochemical assessment
Histopathologhy - single large vacuoles in the perikaryon neurons throughout the brain
autosomal recessive suggeted
What are some common seizure precipitating factors in dog with idiopathic epilepsy?
74% of idopathic eplipetic dogs had one trigger
Stress-related, sleep deprivation, weather, hormonal
focal seizures more likely - 1.9 X
Seizure-precipitating factors in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy JVIM 2019
In an analysis of CKCS spaniels what correlation between spinal cord termination and syringomyelia?
- Spinal cord and dural sac termination were sig more caudal in CKCS compared to controls
- Presence of TL syringomyelia was associated w/ more caudal dural sac termination in CKCS
Is ventricular volume decreased after ventriculoperitoneal shunting proceudres?
Yes
percentage decrease in ventricular size was associated with resolution of ataxia and obtundation
Association between improvement of clinical signs and decrease of ventricular volume after ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) in dogs with internal hydrocephalus JVIM 2019
What correlation exists between flial fibrillary acidic protein and complete spina cord injury?
Glial fibrillary acidic protein concentrations in the first 72 hours after onset of nonambulatory status predicted recovery with an accuracy of 76.7%‐89% depending on sample timing.
Are are the known causes and possible outcomes for dogs with unilateral masticatory muscle atrophy in dogs?
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (47.6%) - MST of 5 months (1-9 months). Progression is variable (2 months to 2 years) Effect of treatment is unknown based on one study
Other tumors - 20.6% MST 2.5 months (6-25 months)
No abnormalities on MRI (28.6%) only progression in one dog
What are the expected short and long term outcomes as well as MRI findings with spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 pugs
Mean age 7.3 years - 80% males
short-term - improvement in 80%
Long term of 21 - deteriation in 86% (12 months post sx)
Moderate correlation bt duration of c/s and outcome
8 dogs w/ deteriorating had follow-up MRI - regrowth of SAD in 2, new AD in 2, intramedullary T2W hyperintensity/syringomyelia in 6
What is the diagnostic accuracy of stereotactic brain biopsy for intracranial neoplasia in dogs?
Tumor grade agreement bt standary biopsy and necropsy in 18/23 cases
SBB underrepresented reference standard glioma grade
diagnostic accuracy 81% - smaller tumors and fewer samples correlated w/ diagnostic disscordance
What are the general correlations between coat and eye color with congenital deafness in cats?
Found ony in white cats
White kittens with at least one blue iris were 3.2X more likely to be deaf
Tukis Van, Main Coon, Norwegian forest cats seems to be over represented
Is rectal Keppra a benefitial treatment additive to therapy of patients presenting to the emergency room for seizures?
Keppra had a 94% response rate vs standard therapy alone
(standard was diazepam if needed followed by phenobarbital q 8 hr)
response = no additional seizures vs those that did
What are general expectation in dogs with acute steroid-responsive meningitis - arteritis?
48% of dogs had at least one relapse
Significant association w/ CSF cell count and frequency of disease relapse
No difference in treatment protocal and relapse
QOL associated with steroid side effects
What are signs that are associated with the presence of syringomyelia in CKCS dogs w/ Chiari Malformation?
Signs associated with syrinx presence and size - screatching, scoliosis, postural deficits, weakness
What are some general differences noted in signalment and CT findings in French bull dogs, Pugs and English Bulldogs with and without clinical signs associated with thoracic hemivertebra?
The Pug breed, higher degree of kyphosis, fewer instead of more observed hemivertebrae, and VLH hemivertebra subtype were considered independent variables predicting the presence of neurological signs.
What are some general clinical and MRI characteristics of CM in juvenile dogs?
18/20 had chronic progression
18/20 had proprioceptice ataxia, 9/20 had cervical pain
MRI - c5-6, c6-7 or both
2 surgical patients - simproved and stable at 1.5 and 5 years
Medical is variable, good short term
These findings are consistent with Ettinger and Kirks info
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characterization of cervical spondylomyelopathy in juvenile dogs JVIM 2019
What is the prevalence and clinical relavence of anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) antibodies in dogs with inflammatory neurologic disease?
9.4% of dogs
all responded to treament of MUE
Presence of cerebrospinal fluid antibodies associated with autoimmune encephalitis of humans in dogs with neurologic disease JVIM 2019
What is the utility of imepitoin in the treatment and prvention of anxiety and fear associated with noise in dogs?
Sig reduced fear prior to NYE fireworks
This is a partial agnoist at benzodiazepine bindings sites of the GABA1 receptor - affinitiy 600 times less than diazepapm; less sedating
Similar efficacy to phenobarbital for controlling seizures in another study (Plumbs)
Effectiveness of imepitoin for the control of anxiety and fear associated with noise phobia in dogs JVIM 2019
What is the expression profile of mRNA in the CSF of dogs w/ and w/o cervical spondylomeylopathy?
1.5 fold increase in miR-494 and 1.2 decrease in miR-612
What are some general predictors of urinary or fecal incontinence in dogs with TL acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion?
Dogs w/ TL injury: 9.1% UI and 25.3% FI
Paraplegic more likely to have urinary and fecal
FI more likely in those w/o NSAID and those w/o spinal shock
Lesions >40% cross-sectional area 4X more likely to develop U and FI
Predictors of urinary or fecal incontinence in dogs with thoracolumbar acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion JVIM 2019
What are the general correlations between CSF lactate and inflammatory CNS disorders?
CSF lactate above reference in 47% of dogs
No sig difference among disease categories
sig but weak correlation bt CSF and NCC
no sig difference bt lactate and survival
What are the differences between intranasal and intravenous midazolam administration?
Both successfull
IN faster
median time for seizure sessation - 33 sec vs 64
sedation and ataxia higher in IN - 88% vs 69% IV
what are the general differences in epidural pathology between cervical and TL intervertebral disc extrusion sin dogs?
dogs w/ cervical sig older, less severe, longer duration, better outcome
dogs w/ cervical had less severe calcification and inflammation
No sig difference in chondrodystrophic phenotype
Vertebral canal in cervical was larger than TL
TL IVD more narrow
Cervical more curcilar
Differences in Epidural Pathology between Cervical and Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusions in Dogs JVIM 2018
In a study of 32 dogs with neurologic disease, how often was an infectious disease implicated when broad spectrum DNA and RNA testing was utilized?
None - suggests that MUE more likely to be autoimmune
What are the general correlations between owner observed scratching and pain behavior and neurologic examination and imaging scoring?
The only signs that were significantly associated with syrinx presence and size were scratching (phantom and scratching or rubbing of the head or ears), scoliosis, postural deficits, and weakness
What is GB2-gangliosidosis in Shiba Inu dogs?
GM1 gangliosidosis in the Shiba Inu breed (SI-GM1) is a hereditary lysosomal storage disorder caused by abnormal accumulation of GM1 ganglioside, a fatty molecule (lipid) important for normal functioning of nerve cells in the brain. Affected dogs typically present with vision loss, head tremors, walking and balance issues, and weight loss by 6 months of age. The disease is progressive and lethal by 18 months
What dosage of Keppra in cats results in best therapeutic blood levels?
500 mg Xr PO q 24 hr - this is a dosage of 86.2 mg/kg
What is the role of campylobacter infection in acute polyradiculoneuritis in dogs?
In cases in which fecal sampes were collected w/in 7 adys of onset of clinical signs, acute polyradiculoneuritis was 9.4 X more likely to be positive compared to healthy dogs
significant association w/ consumption of raw chicken
C. usaliensis most common species
**Study conducted out of melbourne**
Investigation of the Role of Campylobacter Infection in Suspected Acute Polyradiculoneuritis in Dogs
What are general risk factors associated with early seizure recurrence in dogs hospitalized for seizure evaluation?
abnormal neuro exam, occurence of cluster seizures, status epileptics or combination within 72 hours prior to presentation predicted early seizure recurrence
50% of dogs had recurrent seizures while hospitalized
Average time to seizure was 7 hours (shortest in reactive > structura > idiopathic)
Clinical Risk Factors for Early Seizure Recurrence in Dogs Hospitalized for Seizure Evaluation JVIM 2018
What is the clinical relevance of transmucosal magnetic evoked potential (TMMEP) in paraplegic dogs w/ recovery of motor function?
increase amplitude and decreased latencies associated with recovery
Transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging findings in paraplegic dogs with recovery of motor function JVIM 2018
What role does postoperative rehabilitation have in recovery in non-ambulatory parapaetic or paraplegic dogs after decompressive survery for TL-IVDH?
Mediat time to waking 7.5 days
No sig difference in rehab dogs with incomplete spinal cord injury
Study population limited to more mildly affected dogs
A randomized, blinded, prospective clinical trial of postoperative rehabilitation in dogs after surgical decompression of acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation JVIM 2018
What is the overall prevalence and clinical associations in dogs with seizure occurance in dogs?
0.82% of all dogs had a single seizure
Increased OR - pug 3.4
low risk :
- Shih-tzue, Westie, English Spring Spaniel, Cocker Spaniel
males > females
Dogs > 3 yrs
dogs > 40 kg higher vs 10 kg
What effects does concurrent administration of Keprra with phenobarbital and zonisamide have on keppra blood levels?
Phenobarbital results in decreased maximum drug keppra levels
half-life similar
therapeutic drug monitoring of Keppra may be helpful when pheno and keppra used together
What is the overall prevalence of Bartonella DNA in a population of dogs with inflammatory CNS disease?
No dogs tested positive
In patients with hydrated nucleus pulposus (discal cyst) extrusion does surgery vs medical management affect treatment outcome?
Median time to return of ambulation was 6.6 days post surgery vs 5.9 days post medical management
Only the length of intramedullary lesion on MRI had any influence on prognosis
What are the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in cats?
T 1/2 is 4 hrs after single and 4 hr after a repeat dose
time to max concentartion 1 hr
bioavailability 95%
What the expected outcome on American Staffordshire Terriers with juvenile-onset polyneuropathy
All 14 had generalized motor and sensory invovlement - focal lar par in 1 and megaesophagus in 1
degeneartive polyneuropathy id’d on histopathology
11 had slow progression with good qol, 3 were euthanized after dx
autosomal recessive
Is there any clinical differences in dogs with treated with a hypofractionated vs standard radiation protocl for dogs with symptomatic intracranial neoplasia?
No sig derence in survival between groups
- Overall progression-free interval (663 d) and overall survival (637 d)
Use of steroids - dose or reduction was not sig different bt groups
Comparative evaluation of a novel, moderately hypofractionated radiation protocol in 56 dogs with symptomatic intracranial neoplasia
What is the prevalence of REM sleep behavior disorder in a smalll population of dogs with confirmed tetanus?
At least 46%
This appeared like an epileptic seizure in up to 40% of dogs
What are the associations of spinal walking and irreverasible TL spinal cord lesions who undergoe physiotherapy?
**These are paraplegic dogs w/ no pain perception
59% dogs
Median time 75.5 days
associated w/ younger age and early start of physiotherpay
age <60 months and weight= 7.8 kg associated w/ spinal waling
BCS, full-time hospitalization, type and site of lesions not sig associated w/ development of spinal walking
Acquisition of Involuntary Spinal Locomotion (Spinal Walking) in Dogs with Irreversible Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Lesion: 81 Dogs JVIM 2017
