Neurology Revision Boxes

Question 1

Stress, tight band around head

Answer 1

Tension headache

Question 2

Sudden onset, associated with vomiting

Answer 2

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Question 3

Unilateral ‘throbbing’, aura, vomiting, photophobia

Answer 3

Migraine

Question 4

Tender pulseless temporal arteries, jaw claudication

Answer 4

GCA

Question 5

Pain worse on coughing/sneezing, confusion, seizures, localising focal neurology, papilloedema

Answer 5

Mass lesion

Question 6

Usually obese young women, increase CSF pressure but no mass lesion

Answer 6

BIH

Question 7

Head injury, fluctuating chronic course

Answer 7

Subdural

Question 8

Mixed UMN and LMN sings

No sensory loss

Answer 8

Motor Neurone Disease

Question 9

Optic neuritis
Non-specific leg weakness, ataxia
CSF protein increase, oligoclonal IgG bands on electrophoresis

Answer 9

MS

Question 10

Lead-pipe rigidity, cog wheel rigidity, pill rolling tremor

Festinant gait with poor arm swing

Answer 10

Parkinson Disease

Question 11

Young woman with progressive muscle weakness
Bilateral ptosis
Proximal muscle weakness

Answer 11

Myasthesnia Gravis

Question 12

Triad of:
Gait apraxia
+ confusion
+ incontinence

Answer 12

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Question 13

High-stepping gait

Answer 13

Sensory ataxia e.g. peripheral neuropathy

Question 14

Scissor gait

Answer 14

Spastic paraplegia

Question 15

Wide based gait

Answer 15

Cerebellar lesion

Question 16

Shuffling small steps

Answer 16

Cerebrovascular disease

Question 17

C5-C6 reflex

Answer 17

Supinator / biceps

Question 18

C7 reflex

Answer 18

Triceps

Question 19

L3-L4 reflex

Answer 19

Knee

Question 20

S1 reflex

Answer 20

Ankle

Question 21

C5 movement

Answer 21

Shoulder abduction

Question 22

C5, C6 movement

Answer 22

Elbow flexion

Question 23

C7 movement

Answer 23

Elbow extension

Question 24

T1 movement

Answer 24

Finger abduction

Question 25

L1, L2 movement

Answer 25

Hip flexion

Question 26

L3, L4 movement

Answer 26

Knee extension

Question 27

L4, L5 movement

Answer 27

Dorsiflex ankle

Question 28

L5 - S1 movement

Answer 28

Hip extension

Question 29

S1 movement

Answer 29

Knee flexion, plantar flexion an eversion ankle

Question 30

Weakness of wrist extension, leading to wrist drop. | Anaesthesia over first dorsal interosseous muscle

Answer 30

Radial nerve (C5-T1)

Question 31

Inability to evert foot or stand on tip-toe. | Sensory loss over sole of foot

Answer 31

Tibial nerve (L4-S3)

Question 32

Paralysis of intrinsic muscles of the hand. | Loss of sensation in ulnar distribution (C8, T1)

Answer 32

Klumpke's Palsy

Question 33

Loss of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. Arm held internally rotated Waiters tip sign if arm adducted behind back

Answer 33

Erb's Palsy (C5, C6)

Question 34

Unilateral weakness/sensory deficit. Homonymous hemianopia Higher cerebral dysfunction e.g. dysphasia, neglect etc

Answer 34

Anterior circulation stroke

Question 35

Cranial nerve palsies/cerebellar signs e.g. vertigo, dysarthria, ataxia, choking

Answer 35

Posterior circulation stroke

Question 36

Broca's dysphasia

Answer 36

Expressive | Dominant Frontal Lobe

Question 37

Wernicke's dysphasia

Answer 37

Receptive | Dominant Temperoparietal Lobe

Question 38

ataxia, nystagmus, Ipsilateral dysphagia, facial numbness, horner's syndrome Contralateral limb sensory loss

Answer 38

Site: PICA thrombosis, Lateral Medullary Syndrome