Neuromotor Basis Flashcards
(20 cards)
CNS consists of:
Brain and Spinal Cord
Types of Neurons
- Sensory Neurons
- Gamma motor neurons
- Interneurons
Types of Neurons:
Sensory Neurons
- Afferent
- part of PNS (bring sensory info to brain)
Types of Neurons:
Gamma motor neurons
- Efferent
i) Alpha motor neurons: - from spinal cord to muscles
ii) Gamma motor neurons: - from spinal cord to intrafusal muscle fibers
Types of Neurons:
Interneurons
- communicate b/t cells
- within spinal cord and brain
Neuron Ratio
1 sensory neuron:
10 motor neurons:
200 000 inter neurons
This ratio is important because the more you have of something, the more important it is: it is more important to move than it is to feel
The Brain:
Four areas associated with motor control
- Diencephalon
- Cerebrum
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Diencephalon
Contains two groups of nuclei:
- Thalmus:
- relay station
- involved in control of attention, mood and perception of pain - Hypothalamus
- Control of endocrine system and body homeostasis
- Brainstem
3 components involved in motor control:
- Pons
- bridge b/t cerebral cortex and cerebellum
- involved in control of various body functions (eg: chewing)
- involved in balance control - Medulla Oblongata
- Regulatory center for internal physiologic processes (eg, breathing, heartbeat)
- crossover point for many neural pathways - Reticular Formation
- integrates sensory and motor information
- –inhibits/excited neural signals to skeletal muscles
- The Cerebrum
Two halves:
- right hemisphere
- left hemisphere
- connected by the corpus collasum
Covered by cerebral cortex:
- Grey matter tissue (2-5 mm thick)
- ridge = gyrus
- groove = sulcus
White matter tissue underneath cortex
=inner layer of myelinated nerves
Cortex motor neurons:
- Pyrimidal cells:
- primary cells for descending cortical signals - Non pyrimidal cells:
- local innervations of adjacent pyrimidal cell neurons or interneurons
Cortical Lobes:
Temporal Lobe
Hearing, memory, abstract thought, judgement
Cortical Lobes:
Occipital Lobe
Visual perception
Cortical Lobes:
Parietal Lobe
Perception of sensory information
Cortical Lobes:
Frontal Lobe
Voluntary movement
Sensory Cortex
-location and function
Location:
-Posterior to central sulcus
Function:
- Receive sensory information
- association areas integrate cognitive, sensory, and motor signals
Primary Motor Cortex
-Location and structure
Location & Structure:
- Anterior to central sulcus
- Contains motor neurons that send axons to skeletal muscles
Function:
- initiate and coordinate movements
- Control fine motor skills
- Control and learn postural coordination (balance)
Functional Map of the Brain:
Homunculus = “Little Man”
- finish once get blanks from powerpoint**
- motor and sensory areas for specific body parts mapped out
- fairly consistent location b/t ppl but each brain is unigue and locations and/or amount of representation may be different
Brain is (blank**) -Development of structure and functions depends, in part, by experience
Premotor Area
-location and fuction
* Need blanks from powerpoint
Location:
Frontal lobe, anterior to the primary motor cortex
Function:
- Organization of movements BEFORE initiation
- Rhythmic coordination (Blank) movement (transistions b/t sequential movements)
- invloved in performance benefit from (Blank) of another person performing a skill
Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)
-location and function
Location:
medial surface of front lobe adjacent to portions of the primary motor cortex
Function:
- control sequential movements
- Pre-SMA area especially invloved in movement preparation and organization
Parietal Lobe
-Function
involved in the integration of movement preparation and execution
- interacts with the promotor cortex, primary motor cortex, and SMA before and during movement
- Posterior-parietal cortex involved in visuo-motor transformation
