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Neuromuscular system Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is the muscle spindle?

A

The belly of the muscle which sends a message to the brain about the length of the muscle

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2
Q

What is the Golgi Tendon organ?

A

Send a message to the brain about the tension put on the muscle

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3
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Connect muscle to the bone

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4
Q

What is the role of ENDOYMSIUM with in the skeleton muscle?

A

It covers the muscle

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5
Q

What is the role of fasciculi within the Skeletal muscle?

A

It protects the muscle

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6
Q

What is myofibrils

A

Where actin and myosin meet

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7
Q

What causes muscle contractions?

A

Sliding filament theory of muscle contractions. When Actin and Myosin meet

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8
Q

What four elements make up muscle tissue?

A

Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Tropomyosin

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9
Q 
What do these 4 components form?
Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
A

muscle tissue

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10
Q

What is tropomyosin?

A

A block or preventing actin and myosin from connecting

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11
Q

What is Actin?

A

A thin filament which has energy

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12
Q

What is myosin?

A

A thick filament with cross the bridge heads

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13
Q

It helps to create ATP and should be paired with endurance training

A

mitochondria

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14
Q

What Is the source that pulls troponin from tropomyosin so that myosin can bind and slide with Actin?

A

Calcium

What does calcium do?

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15
Q

What is Gradation of force?

A

The recruitment size principal a.k.a. Hememen’s size principle.

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16
Q

What is the size principle?

A

Small muscle fibres are recruited before bigger ones.

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17
Q

The principle states either the entire muscle contracts or it doesn’t

A

The all or nothing principle

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18
Q

What are the two general types of muscle fibers?

A

Slow muscle fibres for endurance

Fast muscle fibres for strength speed and power

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19
Q

Slow muscle fibres are considered to be what type?

A

Type I are slow endurance and muscle fibres

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20
Q

Fast muscle fibres are considered to be what type

A

Type to muscle fibres are fast explosive power fibers. There are two types of type to type to pay which is power and endurance and type to be fast twitch and fatigue easy

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21
Q

This muscle contracts and is the prime mover within an exercise

A

AGONIST

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22
Q

hypertrophy involves lifting what percentage

A

Over 80%

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23
Q

These Metabolic specificities are considered to be what?
ATP
Glycogen
Glycolytic enzymesPKF

A

Metabolic adaptation

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24
Q

That’s explosive energy that has a glucose is

A

Glycogen

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25
Change into testosterone and growth hormone are considered to be what type of adaptation
Endocrine adaptations
26
Endocrine adaptations are
Testosterone | Growth hormone
27
hypertrophy - increase size Atrophy - decrease size hyperplasia - cells multiply Sarcopenia - loss due to age
Muscular strength adaptations
28
It is the rate of change of distance over time
Velocity
29
Is the rate of change of velocity with time impacting speed and direction.
Acceleration
30
This lever is Least common to humans because such an arrangement always results in mechanical advantage and thus reduce speed and range of motion
Second class levers
31
In humans the third class lever is most common because of its best design for
Large range and speed of motion
32
These occur a ball and socket joint such as hip and shoulder which are commonly involved in strength and
Wheel axle systems
33
The Length Tension Effect, states that
The great tension is produced when the muscle is at or near resting length
34
What force are angles other than perpendicular, only a portion of the muscle force is directed to produce joint rotation, with the remainder tending to either pull the joint together is
A stabilizing force
35
What force are the angles other than perpendicular, only a portion of the muscle forces directed to produce joint rotation, with the remainder to heading to either pull the joint APART?
Dislocating force
36
Combination of length tension effect and angle of pull result in the _________ ______ for a particular movement
Strength curve
37
The direction of the force that must be overcome during resistance training is termed
Line of resistance
38
When training with free weights, the line or resistance is always______ _______Because the resistance is a gravitational weight force on the barbell or dumbbell.
Vertically down
39
Using combinations of levers and pulleys the line numbers distance for a given exercise can be_____
Any direction
40
What is the sticking region
Is the point in the movement that the lift is most likely to fail
41
Hyper trophy involves an increase in the
Cross-sectional area of muscle fibres
42
What are the two phases of metabolism
Anabolism - build up - produce glycogen | Catabolism - break down -breaks down glycogen to make ATP
43
What are endocrine hormones
Hormones that are released into the bloodstream
44
What are paracrine hormones
Hormones that leave the cell but do not enter into circulation
45
What are autocrine hormones
Hormones that never leave the cell
46
What hormone signals growth of muscle
Testosterone
47
What hormone is your long-term stress hormone impacting yourflight or fight
Cortisol hormone
48
What hormone causes the growth of all tissue
Growth hormone
49
Which hormone increases Adrenaline and heart rate
Epinephrine
50
Testosterone response most when
Large muscle mass, multi joint exercises are performed and high power exercises are used
51
Cortisol responds best to
Resistance exercises
52
This hormone responds best to Freeweight rather than machine exercises
Growth hormone
53
What is the function of the skeletal system
Structure and Protection Movement pulling muscles to create movement Blood cell production
54
This law states that the densities, and to a lesser extent the size and shapes of bones are determined by the magnitude of direction of the active force applied to the bone.
Wolff’s Law
55
What is the skeletal system adaptations to loading?
Wollf’s law | Minimal essential strain
56
Minimum volume and intensity of Lodi required to cause an increase in bone density is
minimal essential strain
57
Spinal alignment maladies: scoliosis
the curving of the spine
58
Spinal alignment: Lordosis
The arch the spine
59
Spinal alignment: kyphosis
Extended spine
60
The loss of bone mineral density and distraction of associated with matrix material is
Osteoporosis

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