neuromuscular terminology

Question 1

Agnosia

Answer 1

the inability to interpret information

Question 2

agraphesthesia

Answer 2

-the inability to recognize symbols, letters or numbers traced on the skin

Question 3

Agraphia

Answer 3

the inability to write due to a lesion within the brain and is typically found in combination with aphasia

Question 4

ALexia

Answer 4

inability to read or comprehend written language secondary to a lesion within the dominant lobe of the brain

Question 5

Anosognosia

Answer 5

the denial or unawareness of one’s illness; often associated with unilateral neglect

Question 6

aphasia

Answer 6

inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage to specific areas of the brain

Question 7

apraxia

Answer 7

instability to perform purposeful learned movements or activities even though there is no sensory or motor impairment that would hinder completion of the task

Question 8

astereognosis

Answer 8

inability to recognize objects by sense of touch

Question 9

body schema

Answer 9

having and understanding of the body as a whole and the relationship of its parts to the whole

Question 10

constructional apraxia

Answer 10

inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs

- a person is often unable to visually analyze how to perform a task

Question 11

Decerebrate rigidity

Answer 11

• characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results in extension of the trunk and all extremities

Question 12

decorticate rigidity

Answer 12

characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the diencephalon where the trunk and lower extremities are positioned in extension and the UE are in flexion

Question 13

diplopia

Answer 13

double vision

Question 14

dysarthria

Answer 14

slurred and imapired speech due to a motor deficit of teh tongue or other muscles essential for speech

Question 15

dysphagia

Answer 15

inability to properly swallow

Question 16

Dysprosody

Answer 16

impairment in the rhythm and inflection of speech

Question 17

emotional lability

Answer 17

characteristic of a right hemisphere infarct where there is an instability to control emotions and outbursts of laughing or crying that are inconsistent with the situation

Question 18

fluent aphasia

Answer 18

characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech produces functional output regarding articulation, but lacks content and is typically dysprosodic using neologistic jargon

Question 19

hemiparesis

Answer 19

condition of weakness on one side of the body

Question 20

hemiplegia

Answer 20

condition of paralysis on one side of the body

Question 21

Homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 21

the loss of the right or left half of the field of vision in both eyes

Question 22

Ideational apraxia

Answer 22

inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks where the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired

Question 23

Ideomotor apraxia

Answer 23

condition where a person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it.
-automatic movement may occur, however, a person cannot impose additional movement on command

Question 24

neologism

Answer 24

substitution within a word that is so severe that it makes the word unrecognizable

Question 25

non-fluent aphasia

Answer 25

characteristic of expressive aphasia where speech is non-functional, effortful, and contains paraphasias. -writing is also impaired

Question 26

perseveration

Answer 26

-the state of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying teh same word/phrase without purpose

Question 27

synergy

Answer 27

mass movement patterns that are primitive in nature and coupled with spasticity due to brain damage

Question 28

unilateral neglect

Answer 28

inability to interpret stimuli and events on the contralateral side if a hemispheric lesion. left-sided neglect is most common with a lesion to the right inferior parietal or superior temporal lobes