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Case 10 > Neuronanatomy of Psychiatric disorders > Flashcards

Neuronanatomy of Psychiatric disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

EPSP and IPSP full form

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory…

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2
Q

Membrane resting potential

A

-70mv

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3
Q

Acetylcholine role in the body

A

Neurotransmitter used by the spinal cord neurons to control muscles to regulate memory- most cases EXCITATORY

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4
Q

Dopamine role in the body

A

Produces feelings of pleasure when released by the brain reward system. Usually inhibitory

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5
Q

GABA role in the body

A

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

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6
Q

Glutamate role in the body

A

Most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

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7
Q

Glycine

A

A neurotransmitter used mainly by neurons in the spinal cord. Probably acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter

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8
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Acts as a neurotransmitter and a hormone . Fight or flight response. In the brain , it acts as a neurotransmitter regulating normal brain procresses.
Usually excitatory

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9
Q

Serotonin role in the body

A

Mood, appetite and sensory perception, serotonin is inhibitory in pain pathways

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10
Q

Which psychiatric disease sees dopamine imbalances

A

Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder

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11
Q

Associated disease of Ach

A

Alzheimer’s

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12
Q

Associated disease of Serotonin

A

Depression, migraine, aging, attention deficit disorder (ADD)
Anxiety

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13
Q

Associated disease with Dopamine

A

High- Schizophrenia

Low- Parkinsonism

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14
Q

Associated disease with GABA

A

Epileptic seizures

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15
Q

Associated disease with Glutamate

A

Migraine
Stroke
Autism

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16
Q

Which matter contains neuronal cell bodies

A

Gray Matter

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17
Q

Function of white matter

A

forms lipid/fatty sheath in axons

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18
Q

What is the notochord

A

Formation of what becomes the spinal cord that then develops into the brain

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19
Q

Which forms the neural tube

A

Ectoderm

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20
Q

Telencephalon derivations

A

Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampal formation, amygdala and olfactory bub

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21
Q

Diencephalon derivations

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, retina and optic nerve, pineal body, subthalamus, epithalamus, mamillary bodies

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22
Q

Mesencephalon derivations

A

Midbrain structures

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23
Q

Metencephalon

A

Cerebellum- coordination of complex muscular movements

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24
Q

3 lobes of the cerebellum

A

Flocculondar lobe- vestibulocerebellum/archicerebellum - regulates balanceand coordination

  • Posterior lobe
  • Anterior lobe
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25
Another name for hindbrain
Rhombencephalon
26
Lateral Hindrain- neocerebellum function
Regulates planning, sensory movement for action- ataxic gait
27
Pontine disorders
Locked-in syndrome | Central pontine myelinolysis
28
Cranial nerves in the Cerebrum
I, II- Olfactory and optic
29
Cranial nerves in the in the midbrain
III, IV- Oculomotor, Trochlear
30
Cranial nerves in the pons
V, VI, VII, VIII- Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulo-cochlear
31
Cranial nerves in the medulla
IX, X, XI, XII- Glossopharyngeal, vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal
32
RAAS function
role in arousal
33
Serotonergic nuclei- location and function
Raphe nuclei- synthesis of serotonin
34
Dopaminergic nuclei location
Ventral tegmental and substantia nigra pars compacta
35
Noradrenergic nuclei location
- locus coeruleus | - Synthesis of noradrenaline
36
Histaminergic nuclei- location
Tuberomammillary nucleus
37
Cholinergic nuclei- location
Forebrain cholinergic nuclei and pontine tegmentum
38
Thalamic nuclei location
Thalamic reticular nucleus
39
Mesencephalon - tectum location
Dorsal part
40
Two divisions of the tectum
Superior colliculus - visual processing and eye movement | Inferior colliculus - auditory processing
41
Tegmentum- location in mesencephalon
Floor of the midbrain
42
Red nucleus in the tegmentum function
Motor coordination
43
Substantia nigra in the midbrain
Reward co-ordination (via nigostriatral pathway), movement control
44
Periaqueductal grey matter in midbrain
Pain modulation via the spinothalamic tract
45
Ventral tegmental area- function
Mesocorticolimbic dopamine- reward circuit- linked to nucleus accumbens
46
Ventral tegmental area is the site of which addictive drugs
Heroin, cocaine, alcohol, nicotine
47
What is multi-system atrophy
Degeneration of striatum and substantia nigra
48
Schizophrenia -dopamine balance?
Increased dopamine in the substantia nigra
49
Parkinson's dopamine balance
Reduction in dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra
50
Thalamus location, regulation of sensory signals
Diencephalon- Lateral geniculate nucleus for visual pathway | Medial geniculate nucleus for auditory pathway- to inferior colliculus and auditory cortex
51
Hypothalamus location, components and respective hormonal secretions
Diencephalon -Anterior- vasopressin, oxytocin, somatostatin, TrTh, CrTh, sweating and thermoregulation - Tuberal - BP, HR, Satiety (ventromedial), GHRH - Posterior- Memory, BP, Vasopressin, ORexin
52
Pineal body shape and function and location
Cone- shaped, secretes melatonin, not isolated from BBB
53
Which structure plays a central role in the consolidation of new memories in the limbic system
Hippocampus
54
Medial temporal lobe in the hippocampus with regards to memory
Short-term memory to long term memory | Spatial memory
55
Which gyrus in the telencephalon is important for the formation of new episodic memories
Dentate gyrus
56
The Cortex function
Largest region, plays key role in memory, attention, cognition, awareness, thought, language and consciousness
57
Where is the BROCA's area
Inferior frontal gyrus in frontal lobe | LANGUAGE processing
58
Centre for stimulus- reward, stimulus/ outcome, addiction in frontal lobe
Obritofrontal cortex in frontal lobe
59
Centre in frontal lobe for decision making, emotional regulation, addiction
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
60
Centre for executive mechanisms in frontal lobe
Orbitofrontal cortex
61
Pre-frontal cortex function
Essential for planning and executing actions | One of the last areas to develop
62
Effects of lesions in the PFC
- Dramatic changes in personality - Loss of spontaneity/ problems with initiating speech/ movements - Inability to make and carry out sequences of actions/plans
63
Parietal lobe function
Primarily to integrate sensory information
64
Disorders when there is an abnormality in the dominant hemisphere of parietal lobe
Dysphagia, asphasia, - Dyscalculia - Dyslexia - Apraxia - Agnosia - Gertsmann syndrome0 dyscalculia, dysgraphia, finger agnosia, LR disorientation
65
Disorders when there is an abnormality in the non- dominant hemisphere of parietal lobe
- Spatial disorientation - Constructional Apraxia - Dressing Apraxia - Anosognosia
66
Temporal lobe superior temporal gyrus
With auditory cortex- process percepetion of sound and apply comprehension
67
Fusiform gyrus in temporal lobe function
Facial recognition, synaesthesia, dyslexia, prosopagnosia
68
Inferior temporal gyrus in temporal lobe
Visual object recognition
69
Wenicke's area location and aphasia
Left temporal lobe | Patients withwenicke's aphasia- deficiency to produce language
70
Occipital Lobe lingual gyrus function
Word- processing Role in vision and day-dreaming Visuo-limbi integration and encoding complex images
71
Occipital Lobe cuneus function
Basic visual processing
72
Arcutate fasciculus
Link Broca's areas to Wernicke's area
73
Uncinate Fasciculus function
Links temproal inferior frontal gyrus and frontal lobe- hippocampus and amygdala with orbitofrontal cortex
74
Beck's theory of depression- what is it
Vulnerability - genetic and personality - environmental triggers - internal/external emotional stimuli- biased attention - biased attention - biased processing and memory
75
Neural areas unerpinning Beck's model
Dorsal ACC, | PFC, DLPFC, amygdala, thalamus, subgenual cingulate

Case 10 (5 decks)

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