neurons

Question 1

purpose of a neuron ?

Answer 1

Neurons are the information processing units of the brain, responsible for sending and receiving information by using electro chemical impulses called action potentials

Question 2

What do the dendrites do?

Answer 2

help increase the surface area of the cell body and receives chemical signals from other neurons then converted into electrical impulses to the cell body.

Question 3

What does the soma do?

Answer 3

produces proteins that other parts of the neuron need to function and receives the signals from the dendrites where they are joined and passed on.

Question 4

What does the axon do?

Answer 4

It is a long fiber, that transmits the signal along towards the effector (glands, muscles) or other neurons

Question 5

What do the axon terminals do?

Answer 5

send the electrical signal onto the post synaptic neurons. axon endings contain vesicles that hold the neurotransmitters.

Question 6

What does the mylin sheath do?

Answer 6

It is a substance in rich fatty lipids and proteins that protects the nerves helps in the efficiency and rapid transmission of the impulses along the axon.

Question 6

Sensory neuron?

Answer 6

sends nerve impulses to the CNS from internal sensory organs.

Question 6

Motor neurons?

Answer 6

carries nerve impulses from the CNS to effectors (organs, glands)

Question 7

interneurons?

Answer 7

located in CNS -relays signals from sensory to motor neurons.

Question 8

Why is neural transmission an electro chemical signal?

Answer 8

Once a neuron has been stimulated it sends an action potential that travels down the length of the cell (the electro part) then neurotransmitters are released (the chemical part)

Question 9

Role of the synapse?

Answer 9

A space that occurs between 2 neurons. It is when an chemical or electrical signal needs to be passed on and will be released into the synapse.

Question 10

How do nerves connect with each other?

Answer 10

the nerve impulses carried by neurons are passed on to other neurons through junctions called synapses. the signal is carried on through the gap by neurotransmitters.

Question 11

Role of neurotransmitters?

Answer 11

They are chemical molecules that send messages between neurons or neurons to muscles.

Question 12

What is reuptake?

Answer 12

It is when neurotransmitters are absorbed back into the pre synaptic neuron after being released into the synapse.

Question 13

Ways neurotransmitters influence a neurons?

Answer 13

excitatory- promotes the generation of an electrical signal called action potential in receiving the receving neuron
inhibitory - prevents the action potential
neurmodulators( modulatory)- they are not restricted to the synaptic cleft therefore can affect large numbers of neurons at once, and therefore regulate the population of neurons.

Question 14

dopamine?

Answer 14

focus, energy, drive,desire

Question 15

serotine?

Answer 15

wellbeing, happiness, sleep

Question 16

transmission across the synapse

Answer 16

Action potential travels down the axon of the pre synaptic neuron and reaches the axon terminal, the vesicles in the axon terminal are broken down by enzymes and release the neurotransmitters into the synapse. the neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse and bind to the receptor proteins on the dendrites of the post synaptic neuron an action potential is generated in the post synaptic neuron.

Question 17

what are 3 ways the synapse becomes void of neurotransmitters so that the post synaptic neuron is not influenced indefinitely.

Answer 17

1. diffuse away from the synapse
2. are deactivated(broken down) by enzymes
3. are taken into the presynaptic knob and are recycles and the electro chemical transmission stops.