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Gross Anatomy > Neurons and Glia > Flashcards

Neurons and Glia Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

motor neurons innervate what?

A

muscles and glands

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2
Q

which part of the neuron receives info?

A

dendrites

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3
Q

which part of the neuron sends info out?

A

presynaptic terminal

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4
Q

neuron is composed of what parts? name them

A

dendrites, nucleus, soma (Cell Body), axon, mylinated sheath, presynaptic terminal

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5
Q

how many neurons in the body?

A

Millions

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6
Q

define afferent and efferent

A

afferent= towards soma. Incoming

efferent=away from soma. Outgoing

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7
Q

the CNS is the….

A

brain and spinal cord.

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8
Q 
Single axon
Outgoing information (Efferent) from CNS
Soma in CNS
Axon extends out to PNS 
Myelinated Axon
what neuron is this?
A

motor neuron

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9
Q 
Unipolar (Afferent and Efferent branches)
Incoming information toward CNS
Originate in PNS
Soma in Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG)
Ganglia: Soma outside of CNS
what type of neuron is this?
A

sensory neuron

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10
Q

Sensory neuron has soma in the middle. T or F

A

True

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11
Q 
Association neurons
Single Axon
Confined to CNS
Modulation between stimulus (sensory) and response (motor)
what type of neuron is this?
A

interneuron

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12
Q

how many synapses are there per neuron? what are synapse?

A

1000 to 100,000

gap junction bw terminal ending of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron.

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13
Q

Name the Agonist neurotransmitter.

A

Acetelcholine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine

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14
Q

which neurotransmitter is known as “the Reward” drug

A

Dopamine

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15
Q

which neurotransmitter is know for pain?

A

P- Factor

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16
Q

GABA is known as what type of neurotransmitter?

A

inhibitory

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17
Q

serotonin is used for what?

A

digestion and mood

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18
Q

Phospholipid layers surrounding axons
Increase speed of transmission (depolarize)
Increased myelin = increased speed

White matter = Myelinated axons
Grey matter = Soma
what am I?

A

Myelin

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19
Q

Learning is a change in behavior. Your response decreases to constant stimulus. You modify the behavior.
true or false.

A

true

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20
Q

white matter is what?

A

myelinated axons

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21
Q

grey matter is what?

A

soma

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22
Q

in the case of “blown pupil’ which side is the mass located on?

A

on the side of the blown pupil

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23
Q

sensory neurons are in CNS, PNS or both

A

PNS

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24
Q

motor neurons are in CNS, PNS or both

A

both

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25
Interneurons are in CNS, PNS or Both
CNS
26
``` Stimulus and response Spinal cord and PNS only No brain required Monosynaptic if only 1 motor and 1 sensory Interneuron can modulate response who am I? ```
reflex arch
27
Reflex arc has a branch that goes and tells your brain what is happen after reflex happens. T or F
True
28
brain cancer is made of what?
glia
29
glia is known as what to the brain?
the glue
30
how many types of glia
5
31
how many glia do we have?
20 billion
32
Glia can replicate. T or F
True
33
neurons can replicate. T or F
False
34
You have all your neurons by the age of?
12 yrs old
35
A pruning process happens and if you don't use the neurons you lose them. it stops at 20 yrs old. T or F
True
36
``` Support cells for Neurons 10x the number of neurons in CNS Some provide myelination Easily replicated (all the time) 5 types Two of the types have to do with mylenation who am I? ```
glia
37
what is the most common type of glia? where is it found
astrocytes. found in CNS
38
what ion are needed for neurons to fire?
Na+ and K+ (sodium and potassium)
39
what happens if there is too much potassium?
neurons cant fire
40
dendrocytes are found in CNS or PNS? is is white matter or grey matter? mylinated?
CNS only and white matter of brain. billions of these. yes mylinated
41
Schwann cells afre found in PNS or CNS? mylinated? How many are found?
PNS. yes mylinated | 1 per node on neuron
42
Axons in the CNS regenerate but PNS do not. True or False.
False. Axons in PNS regenerate not CNS.
43
We have the same immunse system in PNS and CNS. T or F
False.
44
Schwann cells form myelin sheath? Yes or No
Yes
45
Brain is not good at protecting itself from bacteria and viral infections. T o F.
True
46
Microglial is what?
immune cell to CNS but not good at it.
47
it is difficult for antibiotics to get through to the brain. Through blood brain barrier. T or F
True.
48
secrete cerebral spinal fluid, constantly produced (water). Get the water from your blood supply. Associated with capillaries. Together they are called choroid plexes (capillaries and apendemal cells that secrete spinal fluid).
Ependymal cells
49
Glial cells are suspected to have association with consciousness or higher brain function. (astrocytes specifically). True or False
True
50
Name the Glial cell types and their function.
``` Astrocytes: Support, ion regulation Oligodendricytes: CNS myelination Schwann cells: PNS myelination Microglia: Immune function Ependymal Cells: Choroid plexes, CSF ```
51
Bigger the axon and more myelination faster the impulse travels in neuron. T or F
True
52
Most nerves go both ways. Motor and Sensory. T or F
True
53
what are the nerve group layers? where are they found or what part do they cover with the nerve?
Endoneuroeum (surrounds each axon) Perineureum (surrounds each fascicle) Motor or sensory to a particular place. Epineureum (surrounds fascicles)
54
surrounds each axon
endoneureum
55
surrounds each fasicle
perineureum
56
surrounds group of fascicles.
epineureum
57
There are no nerves in the brain. They have groupings. T or F
True
58
Nerves are peripheral. Therefore, they can regenerate. T or F
True.
59
siatic nerve is as big as which finger?
pinky
60
if you cut off thumb and reattach it in time, how much sensory and motor will a person have?
20% motor and 50% sensory

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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