Neurons and synaptic transmission

Question 1

neurone are ??? cells that carry neural info through the ???

Answer 1

specialised.

body.

Question 2

3 types of neurone

Answer 2

sensory, relay, motor

Question 3

3 things neurones consist of

Answer 3

cell body, dendrites, axon

Question 4

dendrites are connected to the ?????? and is the cells ??????

Answer 4

cell body.

control centre.

Question 5

at the end of a neurone, dendrites receive ??? from other neurones/??? receptors. from the cell body, the impulse is carried along the ??? where it ends at the ???_???

Answer 5

signals.
sensory.
axon.
axon terminal.

Question 6

what is the insulating layer around the axon

Answer 6

myelin sheath

Question 7

what does the myelin sheath allow the impulse to do

Answer 7

transmit faster

Question 8

what happens if the myelin sheath is damaged

Answer 8

impulses transmit slower

Question 9

sensory neurones carry nerve impulses from ??? receptors to the ???/???_???

Answer 9

sensory.

brain/spinal cord.

Question 10

sensory neurones convert information from sensory receptors into ???_???, at the brain they are translated into ??? so the organism can ???

Answer 10

nerve impulses.
sensations.
react.

Question 11

relay neurones function

Answer 11

allow sensory and motor neurones to communicate

Question 12

where are relay neurones found

Answer 12

lie wholly within the brain and spinal cord

Question 13

function of motor neurones (2)

Answer 13

form synapses with muscles and control their contractions

Question 14

where are motor neurones located

Answer 14

in the CNS

Question 15

when stimulated, they release ??? that bind to ??? on the muscles which triggers a response

Answer 15

neurotransmitters.

receptors.

Question 16

when a motor neurone ??? fires, the muscle where the ??? has formed ???

Answer 16

axon.
synapse.
contracts.

Question 17

the faster a motor neurone fires, the ??? the muscle ???

Answer 17

stronger.

contracts.

Question 18

muscle relaxation is caused by motor neurone ???

Answer 18

inhibition

Question 19

what is synaptic transmission

Answer 19

process of a nerve impulses travelling from the pre-synaptic neurone to a post-synaptic neurone via a synapse

Question 20

synaptic vesicles contain ??? that are released when the ???_??? reaches the pre-synaptic neurone/??? and these help to transfer the ??? this process is called ???

Answer 20

neurotransmitters. 
action potential. 
axon. 
impulse. 
exocytosis.

Question 21

after the neurotransmitter is released from the pre-synaptic nerve it crosses the ??? and binds to ???_??? one the post-synaptic neurone surface that are ??? by the neurotransmitter. when activated the neurone produces ??? and ??? neurotransmitters

Answer 21

synapse. 
specialised receptors. 
activated. 
excitatory. 
inhibitory.

Question 22

the left over neurotransmitters are ???_??? by the pre-synaptic nerve where it is ??? for ??? release. this is the ???

Answer 22

taken back.
stored.
later.
re-uptake.

Question 23

the speed of the re-uptake determines…

Answer 23

how long it’s effects will last

Question 24

excitatory neurotransmitters are ‘???’ of NS’s that ??? the likelihood that an ???_??? is sent to the post-synaptic cell. if they bind with the post-synaptic receptors it causes an ??? change in the ??? resulting in EPSP (??? ??? ??? ???) so the post-synaptic cell is ??? likely to fire.

Answer 24

'on-switches'. 
increase. 
excitatory signal. 
electrical. 
membrane. 
excitatory post-synaptic potential. 
more.

Question 25

inhibitory neurotransmitters are '???' that ??? the likelihood of a post-synaptic neurone firing. they ??? the mind and body. if they bind with the posy-synaptic receptors it causes ??? making the neurone ??? likely to fire.

Answer 25

``` 'off-switches'. decrease. calm. IPSP. less. ```

Question 26

nerve cells can receive EPSP and IPSP, we calculate a ??? to determine the likelihood of the neurone firing

Answer 26

summation

Question 27

??? summation increases the strength of EPSP's by generating a large number of EPSP's at many diff synapses at the post-synaptic neurone at the same time

Answer 27

spatial

Question 28

in temporal summation how are a large number of EPSP's generated at the same synapse

Answer 28

by a series of high frequency action potentials