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Neurooo Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

Corpus callosum

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2
Q

What sense skips the internal capsule?

A

Smell / olfaction

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3
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

White matter that connects cortex to brainstem

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4
Q

Lesions of this lobe causes reduced sense of olfaction

A

Piriform lobe

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5
Q

What sensation does not relay through the thalamus?

A

Olfaction / smell

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6
Q

_______ lobe is where pain and touch are perceived

A

Parietal lobe

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7
Q

Damage of the occipital lobe would result in ___________ although _________ can still be intact and normal

A

Cortical blindness + absent menace response

*** PLR can still be normal because its a reflex to the brainstem not occipital lobe

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8
Q

What are the 5 cortical lobes?

A
  1. Occipital
  2. Parietal
  3. Frontal
  4. Temporal
  5. Piriform
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9
Q

Which lobe contains the somatosensory cortex?

A

Parietal lobe

** detects body’s location in space - proprioception

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10
Q

A lesion in the parietal lobe would result in ____________

A

Loss of proprioception

*** Knucking test! Cant correct foot

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11
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Initiating voluntary motor functions

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12
Q

Damage in the right side of the _____ lobe would result in inability to initiate movement of the right side of the body due to contralateral relay

A

Frontal lobe

R side damage = left side of body not working

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13
Q

Why is total deafness uncommon?

A

Because the cochlea projects sensory stimuli to both hemispheres

If unilateral damage of temporal lobe - reduced perception of sound but not total deafness

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14
Q

Which lobe houses the auditory cortex?

A

Temporal lobe

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15
Q

Which lobe has strong connections with the limbic system?

A

Piriform lobe

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16
Q

What makes up the corpora quadrigemina?

A
  1. Paired rostral colliculus ( visual reflexes)
  2. Paired Caudal colliculus (auditory reflexes)
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17
Q

The cerebellum connects to other parts of the CNS via nerve tracts called __________

A

cerebellar peduncles

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18
Q

What connects right and left hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis

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19
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Coordinates and fine tunes movements

Controls RATE, RANGE, FORCE of movement

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20
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

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A

Melatonin secretion, photo periodicity, circadian rhythm, estrus timing

21
Q

Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding, and Fornicating are the 4 F’s of the _______ system

22
Q

What is the primary blood supply to the spinal cord?

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A

Ventral spinal artery

23
Q

What is the secondary supply to the spinal cord?

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A

Paired dorsal spinal arteries

24
Q

What makes up the basilar artery?

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A

When L + R vertebral a. combine with ventral spinal a.

  1. R vertebral a.
  2. L vertebral a.
  3. Ventral spinal a.
25
What is the cerebral arterial circle? What is it supplied by?
Area that supplies the cerebrum and cerebellum Supplied by the basilar a. + internal carotid arteries
26
The subarachnoid space can be found between what 2 meninges?
Between arachnoid + pia matter contains CSF
27
What is the difference between the meninges of the brain vs the spinal meninges?
Spinal meninges has a fat filled epidural space between dura mater and vertebrae
28
_________ are formed where the 2 dural layers seperate. The space created is called a __________
Dural reflections, sinus
29
The dorsal sagittal sinus is within the ___________
Falx cerebri ** in the longitudinal fissure between R + L hemispheres
30
The transverse sinus is within the __________
Tentorium cerebelli *** Between cerebrum + cerebellum in the transverse fissure
31
What is falx cerebri?
Dural reflection between the R + L hemispheres
32
What is tentorium cerebelli?
Transverse dural reflection between cerebrum + cerebellum
33
Venous return from the brain is via the ____________
Dural sinuses into arachnoid villi
34
What layer of meninges lines the 4 ventricles?
Pia mater
35
Name the 4 ventricles
1. (2) Lateral ventricles 2. 3rd ventricle 3. 4th ventricle
36
What produces the CSF?
Choroid plexus
37
Where is the choroid plexus found?
Within the ventricles
38
What is the enlargement of the subarachnoid space that can be used for CSF collection?
Cisterna Magna ***between cerebellum + brainstem *** near atlanto-occipital joint
39
The terminal tapering of the spinal cord is called the _________
Conus Medullaris
40
Nerves caudal to the conus medullaris are called _________
Cauda equina **nerves present but no spinal cord at this point
41
What is the clinical significance of the conus medullaris?
IMPTTTT spot to take a CSF sample or give an epidural injection *** giving injection caudal to conus medullaris avoids puncturing the spinal cord Tapers at L6-L7 in dog
42
Afferent, sensory tracts are located _______ + _______ in the exterior funiculi of the spinal cord
DORSAL + LATERAL
43
EFFERENT, motor tracts are located _______ + ________ in the interior funiculi of the spinal cord
VENTRAL + LATERAL
44
Which spinal tracts are first to manifest disease?
Most superficial and myelinated tracts are first to manifest disease (Ex: proprioception) **Deep pain is the last to be affected by compression and has a poor prognosis
45
What do you expect in an animal who has an intact crossed extensor reflex while laying down?
Lesion in spinal cord cranial to the reflex arc (cranial to brachial plexus or lumbar plexus)
46
Give an example of a monosynaptic reflex?
Patellar reflex
47
Give an example of a polysynaptic reflex
Withdrawal reflex Stimulate biceps, inhibit triceps
48
Sympathetic innervation to the head and eyes.... Ex: Mydriasis/sweating on face is coming from what segment of nerves?
T1-T2

GA 2 (5 decks)

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