Neuropath

Question 1

What is the classical histological hallmark of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?

Answer 1

Pseudopalisading necrosis and glomeruloid microvascular proliferation

Question 2

Which immunohistochemical markers are associated with glioblastoma?

Answer 2

GFAP+, high Ki-67; IDH-wildtype in primary GBM

Question 3

What is the classic histological appearance of oligodendroglioma?

Answer 3

“Fried-egg” cells and chicken wire capillaries

Question 4

What molecular profile is typical of oligodendroglioma?

Answer 4

IDH1/2+, 1p/19q codeletion, OLIG2+

Question 5

What two features characterise pilocytic astrocytoma histologically?

Answer 5

Rosenthal fibres and eosinophilic granular bodies

Question 6

Which marker is typically positive in pilocytic astrocytoma?

Answer 6

GFAP+

Question 7

What is the classic histological feature of medulloblastoma?

Answer 7

Small round blue cells with Homer Wright rosettes

Question 8

Which immunostains are seen in medulloblastoma?

Answer 8

Synaptophysin+, high Ki-67, GFAP– or weak

Question 9

What is the hallmark histological feature of primary CNS lymphoma?

Answer 9

Perivascular cuffing with angiocentric growth of large B-cells

Question 10

Which markers are seen in PCNSL?

Answer 10

CD20+, CD79a+, MUM1+, high Ki-67 (>80%)

Question 11

What is the classical histological appearance of hemangioblastoma?

Answer 11

Lipid-rich foamy stromal cells and a dense capillary network

Question 12

What IHC markers are positive in hemangioblastoma?

Answer 12

Inhibin A+, S100+, CD34+ (capillaries)

Question 13

What is the histological hallmark of meningioma?

Answer 13

Whorled cell arrangement and psammoma bodies

Question 14

Which markers are associated with meningioma?

Answer 14

EMA+, Vimentin+, PR+ (often in females)

Question 15

What characterises secretory meningioma on histology?

Answer 15

Intracytoplasmic lumina, pseudopsammoma bodies (PAS+, CEA+)

Question 16

What is the hallmark of rhabdoid meningioma histology?

Answer 16

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, mitoses, and necrosis

Question 17

Which features characterise schwannoma histology?

Answer 17

Antoni A and B areas, Verocay bodies (nuclear palisading)

Question 18

What is the key marker for schwannoma?

Answer 18

S100+

Question 19

What is the classical appearance of neurofibroma on histology?

Answer 19

Spindle cells with wavy nuclei in a mucinous matrix

Question 20

Which markers help confirm neurofibroma?

Answer 20

S100+, EMA+ (perineurium), CD34+

Question 21

What is the hallmark of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma histology?

Answer 21

“Wet” keratin, palisading epithelium, cholesterol clefts, calcification

Question 22

What is the hallmark of papillary craniopharyngioma?

Answer 22

Papillary architecture without keratin, calcification; often BRAF V600E+

Question 23

What is the classical appearance of choroid plexus papilloma?

Answer 23

Papillary fronds lined by cuboidal epithelium

Question 24

Which tumour shows perinuclear halos and synaptophysin positivity?

Answer 24

Central neurocytoma

Question 25

What is the classic histology of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (ATRT)?

Answer 25

Rhabdoid cells with eccentric nuclei and eosinophilic inclusions

Question 26

Which immunohistochemical hallmark defines ATRT?

Answer 26

INI1 loss (SMARCB1 negative)

Question 27

What defines a germinoma histologically?

Answer 27

Large undifferentiated cells with lymphocytic infiltration

Question 28

What immunoprofile is typical of germinomas?

Answer 28

PLAP+, c-Kit+, OCT4+, CD117+

Question 29

What is the classic histology of choriocarcinoma?

Answer 29

Biphasic pattern of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts with haemorrhage and necrosis

Question 30

Which markers are associated with choriocarcinoma?

Answer 30

β-hCG+, PLAP+, HPL+

Question 31

Describe the histological appearance of posterior pituitary gland

Answer 31

axonal projections of neurons from the hypothalamus mixed with primary glial cells, pituicytes, and Herring bodies (eosinophilic axonal dilatations that store neurosecretory peptides)