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Neuropathology Flashcards

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1
Q
A

Ischemic damage - Purkinje cells

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2
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Laminar necrosis

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3
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Laminar necrosis

Ischemic cell death of cortex

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4
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Hypoxic encephalopathy

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5
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Multiple Sclerosis

Periventricular plaques

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6
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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Opportunistic JC virus

Invasion and destruction of oligodendrocytes

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7
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JC virus inclusions in oligodendrocytes

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8
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Necrotizing vasculitis

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9
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Normal –> axonal degradation in peripheral nerve

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10
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Onion bulb formation in Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoeuropathy

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11
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Diabetic neuropathy

Axonal degradation and reduplication of capillary basement membrane

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12
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Infarcts in watershed zone

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13
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Arteriolosclerosis

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14
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Lacunar infarct due to arteriolosclerosis

Occlusion of small penetrating arteries

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15
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Lacunar infarct due to areteriolosclerosis

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16
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Hemorrhagic infarct secondary to cardiac embolism

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17
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Hypertensive hemorrhage

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18
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Caused by Berry aneurysm

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19
Q

What is this. What are the complications of this?

A

Berry aneurysm

Rebleeding

Vasospasm

Fibrosis of subarachnoid space

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20
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Arteriovenous malformation

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21
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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

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22
Q

Name/grade of tumor

Name of protein that stains positive

MRI enhancing: Y/N?

A

Low grade astrocytoma

GFAP positive

Non enhancing

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23
Q
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Anaplastic astrocytoma

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24
Q

Name, characteristics, ring enhancing?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

Pseudopallisading necrosis and microvascular proliferation

Ring enhancing - due to breakdown of BBB

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25
Low grade astrocytoma
26
Glioblastoma multiforme
27
Cute dog
28
Really cute dog
29
Pliocytic astrocytoma
30
Name Characteristics MRI Enhancing?
Pliocytic astrocytome Rosenthal fibers Homogeneously enhancing nodule associated with cyst formation
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Oligodendroglioma
32
Name Characteristics
Olligodendroglioma Chicken wire vascular pattern
33
Name, location, characteristics, protein stain
Ependymoma Ventricles Ependymal rosettes GFAP+
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Ependymoma with perivascular pseudorosettes
35
Name, location, treatment
Medulloblastoma Cerebellum Radiosensitive
36
Meningioma
37
Name, characteristic
Meningioma with whorls
38
Name, characteristic
Meningioma with Psammoma bodies
39
Metastatic carcinoma
40
What is this? Associated disease? Protein accumulation?
Neurofibrillary tangle Alzheimers Hyperphosphorylated Tau protein accumulation
41
What is this? What disease? Components of this?
Neuritic plaque Alzheimers disease Beta amyloid core with neuritic processes with Tau
42
Describe this What disease? Protein accumulation?
Frontolobar degeneration in Pick's disease Tau-positive Pick's bodies
43
What a minute, Doc. Are telling me it's 8:25?? DAMN, Im late for school!! Cue "Power of Love"
44
What is this? Where in brain? What disease? What protein?
Lewy bodies Substantia Nigra Parkinsons Alpha synuclein
45
Ventral root degeneration in ALS
46
Disease? Protein accumulation?
ALS TDP43 neuronal inclusion
47
What kind of change is this?
Spongiform change
48
Prion protein deposition
49
Bacterial meningitis
50
Bacterial meningitis
51
Bacterial meningitis
52
Abscess formation
53
Abscess
54
Disease Characteristic?
Viral encephalitis Perivascular lymphocytes
55
Disease? Characterisitc
Viral encephalitis Microglial nodule
56
Disease? What part of the brain does it like to get naughty with?
Herpes Encephalitis Predilection for temporal lobe!!!
57
Disease? What is this nonsense?
Herpes encephalitis Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion
58
Disease? Characteristic?
HIV encephalitis Microglial nodule
59
Disease? Characteristic
HIV encephalitis Perivascular macrophage
60
Disease? Characteristic?
HIV encephalitis Multinucleated giant cells SITE OF HIV
61
Cryptococcus
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Primary CNS lymphoma
63
Disease? What is this? What fucker of an animal is the definitive host?
Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma Gondii cyst Cats
64
Disease? What went wrong? What is missing?
Anencephaly Failure of rostral neural tube closure Much of cerebral hemisphere absent
65
Disease? Cause?
Spina bifida with meningiocele Failure of caudal neural tube closure Only meninges in cyst
66
Disease? Cause?
Spina bifida with meningiomyelocele Failure of caudal neural rube closure Meninges and neural elements in cyst
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Encephalocele Gnarly
68
Disease? 4 characteristics
Arnold chiari malformation 1. Extension of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum 2. Flattening of pons 3. Beaked tectum 4. Hydrocephalus (often)
69
Disease name? Cause?
Holoproencephaly Failure of proencephalon to separate into two hemispheres Facial anomalies and your brain is jacked up
70
Disease? Characteristics? Cause?
Lissencephaly No cerebral convolutions, brain is smooth Failure of neural migration
71
Disease? Characteristic? Cause?
Polymicrogyria Multiple small gyri Neuronal migration defect
72
Disease? Cause?
Heterotopia Failure of neuronal migration
73
What is this? How/why does this happen?
Germinal matrix hemorrhage Germinal matrix (Proliferating cells adjacent to lateral ventricles) is at max size in second trimester, high incidence of hemorrhage in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome Hemorrhage can rupture into ventricular system and subarachnoid space
74
What is this? Cause?
Periventricular Leukomalacia Necrosis of deep hemispheric white matter adjacent to ventricles Thought to be caused by perinatal anoxia in premature infants Can be cause of cerebral palsy b/c affects the CST
75
Disease? What causes this histology
Periventricular leukomalacia Necrotic white matter results in cystic space due to phagocytosis of necrotic debris
76
Tay Sachs Disease
77
Leukodystrophy (Metachromatic)
78
Huntington's Disease
79
Neurofibroma
80
Lisch Nodules - Neurofibromatosis Type I
81
Schwannoma
82
Disease? What do you seeee
NF2 Multiple meningiomas Vestibular schwannomas and trigeminal schwannoma
83

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