Neurophysio Clinical Correlation

Question 0

Pain, temperature sensations lost onopposite side of the body (spinothalamic pathway)

Answer 0

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Question 1

A clinical abnormality of the sensory pathway wherein there is loss of sensation, motor function paralysis and ataxia caused by lateral hemisection (cutting of the spinal cord)

Answer 1

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Question 2

Kinesthetic, position, vibration, discrete localization and two-point discrimination lost on the side of the transection (dorsal column)

Answer 2

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Question 3

A clinical abnormality in which the crude touch is retained

Answer 3

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Question 4

Chronic disease of the spinal cord characterized by the presence of fluid-like cavities and leading to spasticity and sensory disturbances

Answer 4

Syringomyelia

Question 5

In syringomyelia, what region is mostly affected? (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral)

Answer 5

Cervical Region

Question 6

Thoracic Scoliosis is often present in this disease

Answer 6

Syringomyelia

Question 7

Parenchymatous neurosyphilis marked by degeneration of the posterior columns, posterior roots and ganglion of the spinal cord

Answer 7

Tabes Dorsalis

Question 8

Untreated syphilis infection

Answer 8

Tabes dorsalis

Question 9

Manifestatons:
(+) romberg sign
secondary (charot) joint deformities
Frankenstein-like walk
Prominent loss of vibratory and position sense in feet

Answer 9

Tabes Dorsalis

Question 10

What are the two regulatory systems of the body? Which is fast? Which is slow?

Answer 10

Nervous - fast

Endocrine - slow

Question 11

Total silence of all cord functions

Answer 11

Spinal shock

Question 12

Disorder: sudden transection of the spinal cord in the upper neck

Answer 12

Spinal shock

Question 13

In spinal shock, spinal neurons gradually regain their __________

Answer 13

Excitability

Question 14

In decerebrate rigidity, where is the area of injury?

Answer 14

Mesencephalon (between midbrain & diencephalon)

Question 15

There is better and less extensive injury in this type of rigidity (decerebrate or decorticate)

Answer 15

Decerebrate rigidity

Question 16

What type of rigidity has hypertonicity in extension –> extended upper extremity and extended lower extremity

Answer 16

Decerebrate rigidity

Question 17

Where is the area of rigidity in decorticate rigidity?

Answer 17

Inside the cortex

Question 18

The posture of this patient has extended lower extremities and flexed upper extremities

Answer 18

Decorticate rigidity

Question 19

Other term for Parkinson’s disease

Answer 19

Paralysis agitans

Question 20

This neurotransmitter is decreased in a person with Parkinson’s disease

Answer 20

Dopamine

Question 21

This is the expressionless or mask-like features of Parkinsonism

Answer 21

Parkinson’s Facie

Question 22

In this disease, there is rigidity of musculature, serious movement initiation (akinesia) and postural instability

Answer 22

Parkinson’s disease

Question 23

A hereditary disorder characterized by severe dementia

Answer 23

Huntington’s Disease

Question 24

What neurotransmitters are lost in Huntington's disease?

Answer 24

GABA and Acetylcholine

Question 25

In what age range does Huntington's disease start?

Answer 25

30-40 years old

Question 26

An abnormal neuronal protein product

Answer 26

Huntington's Protein

Question 27

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Answer 27

Narcolepsy

Question 28

Inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles

Answer 28

Narcolepsy

Question 29

Signs and symptoms: - cataplexy - vivid hallucination - short/brief episodes

Answer 29

Narcolepsy

Question 30

Sleep-disordered breathing

Answer 30

Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 31

What muscles are so relaxed in obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 31

Pharyngeal muscles

Question 32

In obstructive sleep apnea, there is frequent episodes of _________ & cessation in _________ for greater than 10 seconds resulting in disrupted sleep

Answer 32

Snoring, breathing

Question 33

In this condition, there is difficulty in initiating sleep and/or maintaining sleep

Answer 33

Insomnia

Question 34

The duration of ACUTE insomnia? Of CHRONIC insomnia?

Answer 34

Acute - few days | Chronic - more than a month

Question 35

What is the probable cause of primary insomnia? (usual)

Answer 35

Stress

Question 36

Type of insomnia that is probably from another illness (primary or secondary).

Answer 36

Secondary insomnia

Question 37

Bilateral destruction of amygdaloid body and inferior temporal cortex

Answer 37

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

Question 38

This disorder of the limbic system is commonly due to herpes simplex encephalitis

Answer 38

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

Question 39

Klüver-Bucy syndrome is commonly due to ___________________

Answer 39

Herpes simplex encephalitis

Question 40

Signs and symptoms: - visual agnosia - hyperphagia & bulimia - dementia & loss of memory - loss of normal fear & anger responses - less overt hypersexuality

Answer 40

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

Question 41

Motor/expressive aphasia (broken aphasia)

Answer 41

Broca's aphasia

Question 42

The person is unable to interpret but there is fluent speech. Word salad is often evident. (broca's, wernicke's, anomic, conduction, global)

Answer 42

Wernicke's Aphasia

Question 43

Difficulty using correct names for objects, people, etc (broca's, wernicke's, anomic, conduction, global)

Answer 43

Anomic aphasia

Question 44

Type if aphasia with poor oral reading, poor repitition, fluent speech, good comprehension. (broca's, wernicke's, anomic, conduction, global)

Answer 44

Conduction aphasia

Question 45

Lesion in Wernicke's area is widespread and extends, person is usually mute (broca's, wernicke's, anomic, conduction, global)

Answer 45

Global aphasia

Question 46

Other names for stroke (2)

Answer 46

CVA or brain attack

Question 47

Ischemia or hemorrhage in the brain, with motor & sensory deficits, dependent on the area of the brain involved

Answer 47

Stroke

Question 48

Progressive, global, cognitive decline

Answer 48

Dementia

Question 49

Age-associated dementia

Answer 49

Alzheimer's

Question 50

Part/s of the body affected in hemiballismus

Answer 50

Entire limb

Question 51

Parts of the body affected in Athetosis (4)

Answer 51

Hands, arms, neck, face

Question 52

This disorder of motor control is characterized by writhing movement.

Answer 52

Athetosis

Question 53

What part of the brain is affected in Athetosis?

Answer 53

Globus Pallidus

Question 54

What part of the brain is affected in Hemiballismus?

Answer 54

Subthalamus

Question 55

Part of the body affected in Parkinson's and Huntington's disease? (In general)

Answer 55

Whole body :)

Question 56

Disease in which the substantia nigra is involved.

Answer 56

Parkinson's disease

Question 57

What are the visible manifestations of a person with Parkinson's? (3)

Answer 57

Rigidity, akinesia, tremors

Question 58

Part of the brain affected in Huntington's disease. (2)

Answer 58

Caudate nucleus, putamen

Question 59

What are the visible manifestations of a person with Huntington's?

Answer 59

Flicking followed by progressive distortional movements