Neurophysiology

Question 1

The parts of the nervous system outside the skull and spinal column are called what?

Answer 1

Peripheral nervous system

Question 2

The central nervous system is made up of what?

Answer 2

Skull and spinal column

Question 3

What are nerves?

Answer 3

Collections of axons bundled together that extend throughout the body

Question 4

What is the primary function of motor nerves?

Answer 4

Transmit information from the CNS to muscles, organs, and glands

Question 5

What is the primary function of sensory nerves?

Answer 5

Convey information from the body to the brain

Question 6

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 6

Collections of nerves that connect the brain, muscles and sensory systems of the body

Question 7

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 7

Collections of nerves that primarily control the internal organs

Question 8

What branch of the autonomic nervous system uses neuroepinephrin, increases heart rate and blood pressure and inhibits diegstion?

Answer 8

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 9

What branch of the autonomic nervous system uses acetylcholine, slows heart rate, drops blood pressure and activates digestive system?

Answer 9

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 10

What part of the neuron is at the input zone and receives information via the synapses of other neurons?

Answer 10

Dendrites

Question 11

What part of the neron makes up the integration zone?

Answer 11

The cell body

Question 12

What part of the neuron makes up the conduction zone?

Answer 12

Axons and axon collaterals

Question 13

What part of the neuron makes up the output zone?

Answer 13

Axon terminals

Question 14

What is a synapse?

Answer 14

The connection between axon terminals and the cell body or dendrites of another neuron

Question 15

What is neuroplasticity?

Answer 15

The ability of synapses to constantly shift configuration

Question 16

What is long-term potentiation?

Answer 16

A process involving the persistent strengthening of synaptic connections due to increased use over time

Question 17

What is long-term depression?

Answer 17

The process by which synaptic connections become weaker due to decreased use over time

Question 18

Excitatory neurons release which neurotransmitter?

Answer 18

Glutamate

Question 19

Inhibitory neurons release which neurotransmitter?

Answer 19

GABA

Question 20

Which neurons make up 70-90% of all neurons in the cortex and are responsible for most excitatory activity in the brain?

Answer 20

Pyramidal cells

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of glial cells?

Answer 21

Provide support and insulation for pyramidal cells

Question 22

What do astrocytes do?

Answer 22

Transmit information between neurons

Question 23

What do microglia do?

Answer 23

Surround and remove debris from injured or dead cells

Question 24

What do Oligodendrocytes & Schwann cells do?

Answer 24

Perform myelination

Question 25

What is the cerebrum?

Answer 25

The uppermost part of the brain, composed of the basil ganglia, cerebral cortex and olfactory cortex

Question 26

The part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum and facilitates communication is called what?

Answer 26

Corpus callosum

Question 27

What are the six main functions of the frontal lobe?

Answer 27

Reasoning, planning, parts of speech, motor control (motor cortex), emotional regulation, and problem solving.

Question 28

What are the three main functions of the temporal lobes?

Answer 28

Perception, recognition of auditory stimuli and memory.

Question 29

What are the four main functions of the parietal lobe?

Answer 29

Perception of stimuli such as touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

Question 30

What is the main function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 30

Vision

Question 31

The top six layers of the cortex are called what?

Answer 31

Neocortex

Question 32

Which part of the frontal lobe is concerned with voluntary movement?

Answer 32

Motor cortex

Question 33

What part of the frontal lobe is concerned with the integration of sensory and motor information?

Answer 33

Premotor cortex

Question 34

What part of the frontal lobe is concerned with working memory and problem solving?

Answer 34

Prefrontal cortex

Question 35

Fpz, Fz, Cz, Pz and make up what part of the brain?

Answer 35

Cingulate Gyrus

Question 36

What is the primary purpose of the limbic system?

Answer 36

Survival behaviors (feeding, reproduction, fight or flight) and the integration of emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses

Question 37

What five main structures make up the limbic system?

Answer 37

Amygdala, hippocampus, anterior nucleus of the thalamus, cingulate gyrus, and the pleasure/reward center of the brain