Neuropsycho

Question 1

Simple monoamine hypothesis of depression

Answer 1

depression results from defiencies in monoamine (NE, serotonin) transmission

Question 2

MOA of TCAs

Answer 2

block uptake of NE and 5-HT

Question 3

MOA of atypical antidepressants

Answer 3

blocks alpha 2 autoreceptors on adrenergic and serotonergic cells

Question 4

MOA of MAO inhibitors

Answer 4

inhibit MAO, which degrades NE, DA, and 5HT

Question 5

Types of drugs used to treat depressive disorders

Answer 5

SSRI
SNRI
atypical drugs
tricyclic antidepressants
MAO inhibitors

Question 6

Compare SSRIs and TCAs

Answer 6

similar efficacy, time course

toxicity for SSRIs is less than TCAs and MAOs

Question 7

side effects of SSRIs

Answer 7

nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfxn

Question 8

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is associated w/ what drugs

Answer 8

SSRIs

SNRIs

Question 9

What is of concern in giving antidepressants to children and adolescents?

Answer 9

increased risk of suicidal thinking

Question 10

what are some SSRI withdrawal symptoms

Answer 10

dizziness, visual disturbances, shock like sensations

Question 11

How do prevents symptoms of SSRI withdrawal?

Answer 11

taper the medication or switch to fluoxetine, which self-tapers

Question 12

SSRIs used for?

Answer 12

major depression
OCD
panic disorder
social anxiety disorder
PTSD
generalized anxiety disorder
PMS
hot flashes

Question 13

when does effect of TCAs take place in pts?

Answer 13

2-3 weeks

Question 14

side effects of TCAs

Answer 14

decreases REM, increases stage 4
anticholinergic
sedation
cardiac abnormalities
overdose-acute toxicity--fever, hyper/hypotension, seizure, coma, heart conduction issues

Question 15

absorption of TCAs

Answer 15

fast

Question 16

Half life of TCAs

Answer 16

long

Question 17

drug interactions of TCAs

Answer 17

blocks guanethidine uptake
sympathomimetic drugs
other drugs’ absorption and metabolism

Question 18

Time for effects of MAO inhibitors to take place in pts

Answer 18

2 wks

Question 19

Toxicity of MAO inhibitors

Answer 19

agitation
hallucinations
hyperpyrexia
convulsions
BP changes

Question 20

Name something that makes MAO inhibitors not a great antidepressant

Answer 20

MAO normally metabolizes tyramine, which is a releaser of NE.
so now you have to watch out for your diet

Question 21

major uses of MAO inhibitors

Answer 21

major depression–not first line

narcolepsy–secondary drug

Question 22

criteria for schizophrenia

Answer 22

two or more symptoms in a month with at least one of them a positive symptom

Question 23

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 23

delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech

Question 24

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 24

blunted affect
lack of spontaneity
poor abstract thinking
poverty of though
social withdrawal

Question 25

what is the dopamine hypothesis

Answer 25

schizophrenia occurs due to hyperactive dopaminergic neurons or receptors, especially in limbic areas

Question 26

MOA of antipsychotics

Answer 26

affect dopamine systems

Question 27

fxn of mesolimbic tract

Answer 27

arousal, memory, processing stimuli, locomotor activity, motivational behavior in dopamine hyperactivity--can lead to positive symptoms of schizoph.

Question 28

fxn of mesocortical tract

Answer 28

cognition, communication, social activity reduced dopaminergic activity can lead to negative symptoms of schizoph.

Question 29

what happens w/ dopamine blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway

Answer 29

increased extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 30

what happens with blockade of 5HT2a in nigrostriatal pathway

Answer 30

decreased extrapyrimidal symptoms

Question 31

what happens with blockade of dopamine in tuberoinfundibular tract

Answer 31

increases prolactin release

Question 32

what does dopamine D1 receptor do?

Answer 32

activates Gs

Question 33

what does doapmine D2 receptor do?

Answer 33

activates Gi

Question 34

Which dopamine receptor is most important for the anti-psychotics?

Answer 34

D2 receptor

Question 35

What receptor does Haloperidol work at?

Answer 35

D2 receptor

Question 36

What receptor does Clozapine work at?

Answer 36

D4

Question 37

How do antipsychotics work?

Answer 37

block dopamine receptors, most importantly D2

Question 38

Describe atypical antipsychotics

Answer 38

newer antipsychotics | also block 5HT2 receptors in forebrain, oftentimes with greater potency than to DA receptors

Question 39

how are negative symptoms of schizophrenia treated?

Answer 39

not well with the older typical agents | atypical drugs are more effective at treating negative symptoms

Question 40

Effects of antipsychotic drugs

Answer 40

decrease in psychotic behavior sedation extrapyramidal effects (dystonia, Parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia)

Question 41

What are the benefits of atypical antipsychotics?

Answer 41

see less early extrapyramidal effects--dystonia, parkinsonism, akathisia

Question 42

side effects of antipsychotic drugs

Answer 42

anticholinergic orthostatic hypotension (alpha receptor blockade) neuroendocrine effects allergic cardiac effects (thioridazine) decreased seizure threshold weight gain--diabetes associated events are more common in atypicals use

Question 43

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 43

possibly lethal hypodopaminergic side effect in antipsychotic drugs hyperthermia, Parkinson-like, mutism

Question 44

advantages of atypical antipsychotics over typicals

Answer 44

less extrapyramidal symptoms--better compliance | may improve negative symptoms

Question 45

uses of antipsychotic drugs

Answer 45

``` acute psychotic episodes chronic schizophr manic episodes bipolar disorder schizoaffective disorder augmentation in depression antiemesis Tourette's ```