Neuroscience and Behavior

Question 1

The part of the brain that controls very basic functions like heartbeat and breathing

Answer 1

The medulla

Question 2

The part of the limbic system that functions to process new memories.

Answer 2

The hippocampus

Question 3

Bogus “science” hypothesizing that bumps on the skull reveal mental abilities and character traits.

Answer 3

phrenology

Question 4

nerve cells

Answer 4

neurons

Question 5

The part of the neuron that receives stimulus or neurotransmitters from neighboring neurons

Answer 5

dendrites

Question 6

The long arm part of the neuron cell

Answer 6

the axon

Question 7

The fatty tissue that insulates the axons of some neurons

Answer 7

myelin sheath

Question 8

The gap between one neuron and the next neuron

Answer 8

synapse

Question 9

The brief electrical charge that travels through a neuron

Answer 9

action potential

Question 10

Excess activity at the at the dopamine receptors is associated with what psychological disorder?

Answer 10

schizophrenia

Question 11

Low levels of serotonin are associated with what mood disorder?

Answer 11

depression

Question 12

The body’s natural morphine

Answer 12

endorphins

Question 13

What are four ways in which drugs can alter neurotransmission.

Answer 13

1.) stimulate increase in neurotransmitter release 2.) mimic a particular neurotransmitter 3.) block or reduce neurotransmitter release 4.) block receptors or re-uptake channels

Question 14

Explain how reflexes differ from voluntary reactions.

Answer 14

With voluntary reactions, neural impulses travel into the spinal cord and up to the brain where a conscious reaction is sent back to a body part. With reflexes, neural impulses go to the spinal cord, bypass the brain and immediately send back a movement message to a body part.

Question 15

Who is Phineas Gage?

Answer 15

He had a rod shoot through his head, but surprisingly survived with little damage to his physical abilities. Becuase of damage to frontal lobe functions, however, he suffered large changes in his personality.

Question 16

This part of the brain filters incoming stimuli and sends it on to the thalamus, or other parts of the brain. It is also important in controlling sleep and arousal.

Answer 16

the reticular formation

Question 17

This is the brain’s sensory switchboard - it receives information from all the senses except smell and routes it to higher brain regions

Answer 17

the thalamus

Question 18

this is called the ‘little brain’ and is responsible for coordination of movement

Answer 18

the cerebellum

Question 19

this pair of almond-shaped neural clusters influences aggression and fear

Answer 19

amygdala

Question 20

this part of the brain controls the master gland, the pituitary gland, and also contains the “reward center” (aka “pleasure center”)

Answer 20

hypothalamus

Question 21

This cortex controls voluntary movement

Answer 21

the motor cortex

Question 22

This cortex receives incoming sensory messages

Answer 22

the sensory cortex

Question 23

This lobe contains the visual cortex

Answer 23

the occipital lobe

Question 24

This lobe contains the auditory cortex

Answer 24

the temporal lobe

Question 25

This lobe contains the motor cortex

Answer 25

the frontal lobe

Question 26

This lobe contains the sensory cortex

Answer 26

the parietal lobe

Question 27

Association areas in this cortex enable us to judge, plan, process new memories, and experience empathy

Answer 27

association areas in the frontal lobe have these functions

Question 28

the impaired use of language

Answer 28

Aphasia

Question 29

Area of the left frontal lobe that is associated with language process

Answer 29

Broca's area

Question 30

This part of the brain connects the right hemisphere to the left hempisphere

Answer 30

corpus callosum

Question 31

If a split brain patient saw the word BRA IN, what word and was asked about the word they saw, what word would they say the saw? What word would they write with their left hand?

Answer 31

Say: IN Write: BRA

Question 32

The medulla

Answer 32

The part of the brain that controls very basic functions like heartbeat and breathing

Question 33

The hippocampus

Answer 33

The part of the limbic system that functions to process new memories.

Question 34

phrenology

Answer 34

Bogus "science" hypothesizing that bumps on the skull reveal mental abilities and character traits.

Question 35

neurons

Answer 35

nerve cells

Question 36

dendrites

Answer 36

The part of the neuron that receives stimulus or neurotransmitters from neighboring neurons

Question 37

the axon

Answer 37

The long arm part of the neuron cell

Question 38

myelin sheath

Answer 38

The fatty tissue that insulates the axons of some neurons

Question 39

synapse

Answer 39

The gap between one neuron and the next neuron

Question 40

action potential

Answer 40

The brief electrical charge that travels through a neuron

Question 41

schizophrenia

Answer 41

Excess activity at the at the dopamine receptors is associated with what psychological disorder?

Question 42

depression

Answer 42

Low levels of serotonin are associated with what mood disorder?

Question 43

endorphins

Answer 43

The body's natural morphine

Question 44

1.) stimulate increase in neurotransmitter release 2.) mimic a particular neurotransmitter 3.) block or reduce neurotransmitter release 4.) block receptors or re-uptake channels

Answer 44

What are four ways in which drugs can alter neurotransmission.

Question 45

With voluntary reactions, neural impulses travel into the spinal cord and up to the brain where a conscious reaction is sent back to a body part. With reflexes, neural impulses go to the spinal cord, bypass the brain and immediately send back a movement message to a body part.

Answer 45

Explain how reflexes differ from voluntary reactions.

Question 46

He had a rod shoot through his head, but surprisingly survived with little damage to his physical abilities. Becuase of damage to frontal lobe functions, however, he suffered large changes in his personality.

Answer 46

Who is Phineas Gage?

Question 47

the reticular formation

Answer 47

This part of the brain filters incoming stimuli and sends it on to the thalamus, or other parts of the brain. It is also important in controlling sleep and arousal.

Question 48

the thalamus

Answer 48

This is the brain's sensory switchboard - it receives information from all the senses except smell and routes it to higher brain regions

Question 49

the cerebellum

Answer 49

this is called the 'little brain' and is responsible for coordination of movement

Question 50

amygdala

Answer 50

this pair of almond-shaped neural clusters influences aggression and fear

Question 51

hypothalamus

Answer 51

this part of the brain controls the master gland, the pituitary gland, and also contains the "reward center" (aka "pleasure center")

Question 52

the motor cortex

Answer 52

This cortex controls voluntary movement

Question 53

the sensory cortex

Answer 53

This cortex receives incoming sensory messages

Question 54

the occipital lobe

Answer 54

This lobe contains the visual cortex

Question 55

the temporal lobe

Answer 55

This lobe contains the auditory cortex

Question 56

the frontal lobe

Answer 56

This lobe contains the motor cortex

Question 57

the parietal lobe

Answer 57

This lobe contains the sensory cortex

Question 58

association areas in the frontal lobe have these functions

Answer 58

Association areas in this cortex enable us to judge, plan, process new memories, and experience empathy

Question 59

Aphasia

Answer 59

the impaired use of language

Question 60

Broca's area

Answer 60

Area of the left frontal lobe that is associated with language process

Question 61

corpus callosum

Answer 61

This part of the brain connects the right hemisphere to the left hempisphere

Question 62

Say: IN Write: BRA

Answer 62

If a split brain patient saw the word BRA IN, what word and was asked about the word they saw, what word would they say the saw? What word would they write with their left hand?