Neuroscience II

Question 1

interconnected neurons with no central control organ

Answer 1

nerve net

Question 2

the localization of sensory structures at the anterior end of an animal’s body

Answer 2

cephalization

Question 3

the structure that connects the brain to all areas of the body and together with the brain constitutes the central nervous system

Answer 3

spinal cord

Question 4

the brain and spinal cord

Answer 4

central nervous system

Question 5

all nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord

Answer 5

peripheral nervous system

Question 6

the uppermost one of three divisions major divisions of the brain

Answer 6

hindbrain

Question 7

the middle one of three divisions major divisions of the brain

Answer 7

midbrain

Question 8

the undermost one of three divisions major divisions of the brain

Answer 8

forebrain

Question 9

the surface of gray matter that forms the outer part of the cerebrum of the brain

Answer 9

cerebral cortex

Question 10

brain tissue that consists of myelinated axons that are bundled together in large numbers to form tracts

Answer 10

white matter

Question 11

brain tissue that consists of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and some myelinated axons

Answer 11

gray matter

Question 12

three layers of sheathlike membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

Answer 12

meninges

Question 13

fluid that exists in ventricles within the CNS and surrounds the exterior of the brain and spinal cord; it absorbs physical shocks to the brain resulting from sudden movements or blows to the head

Answer 13

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 14

the division of the peripheral nervous system that senses external environment conditions and controls skeletal muscles

Answer 14

somatic nervous system

Question 15

the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates homeostasis and organ function

Answer 15

autonomic nervous system

Question 16

the division if the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for rapidly activating body systems to provide immediate energy in response to danger or stress

Answer 16

sympathetic division

Question 17

the division if the autonomic nervous system that is involved in maintaining and restoring body functions

Answer 17

parasympathetic division

Question 18

rest and digest response
the response associated with nonstressful states such as feeding; mediated by the parasympathetic branch of the automonic nervous system

Answer 18

rest and digest response

Question 19

the part of the hindbrain that is responsible, along with the pons, for monitoring and coordinating body movements

Answer 19

cerebellum

Question 20

the part of the hindbrain, along with the cerebellum, have an integrative motor function; also plays a role in regulated breathing

Answer 20

pons

Question 21

the part of the hindbrain that coordinates many processes that maintain homeostasis like breathing

Answer 21

medulla oblongata

Question 22

the part if the brain composed of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain

Answer 22

brainstem

Question 23

a region of the forebrain that plays a major role in relaying sensory information of appropriate parts of the cerebrum and sending output from the cerebrum and to other parts of the brain

Answer 23

thalamus

Question 24

a part of the brain ventral to the thalamus; it controls function related to growth, reproduction, and metabolism, and regulates many basic behaviors such as eating and drinking

Answer 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

a region of the forebrain that contains the pineal gland

Answer 25

epithalamus

Question 26

two halves of the cerebrum

Answer 26

hemispheres

Question 27

the major tract that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Answer 27

corpus callosum

Question 28

important in functions like judgement and conscious thought

Answer 28

frontal lobe

Question 29

receives and interprets sensory input from visual and somatic pathways

Answer 29

parietal lobe

Question 30

controls aspects of visual perception and color recognition

Answer 30

occipital lobe

Question 31

necessary for language, hearing, and some types of memory

Answer 31

temporal lobe

Question 32

clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the forebrain that surround the thalamus and lie beneath the cerebral cortex; involved in planning and learning movements

Answer 32

basal nuclei

Question 33

the areas involved in the formation and expression of emotion; also plays a role in learning, memory, and the perception of cells

Answer 33

limbic system

Question 34

part of the limbic system of the forebrain; carry information about odors to the brain

Answer 34

olfactory bulbs

Question 35

area of the limbic system of the forebrain; known to be critical for understanding and remembering emotional situations

Answer 35

amygdala

Question 36

area of the limbic system of the forebrain; functions in establishing memories for spatial location, facts, and the sequence of events

Answer 36

hippocampus

Question 37

long-lasting strengthening of the connection between neurons that is believed to be part of the mechanisms of learning and memory

Answer 37

long term potential

Question 38

a change in the strength of the connection between two neurons, which occurs as a result of learning

Answer 38

synaptic plasticity