Neuroscience--neurotransmitters

Question 1

Dopamine release in what structure represents common final event associated with reinforcing effects of opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, PCP, and alcohol?

Answer 1

Nucleus accumbens

Question 2

Role of glycine at NMDA receptor?

Answer 2

Obligate coagonist

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter system is the least to mature in the CNS of children and adolescents?

Answer 3

Cholinergic

Question 4

A compound that increases muscle mass by increasing episodic secretion of GH

Answer 4

gamma hydroxybutyrate

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is predominantly inhibitory

Answer 5

glycine

Question 6

Neurochemical that reinforces effects of drugs of abuse acutely

Answer 6

dopamine

Question 7

Decreased level of what NT is most associated with depressed mood, poor sleep, and poor impulse control, and affective aggression

Answer 7

serotonin

Question 8

Name the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of norepinephrine and dopamine

Answer 8

tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 9

Metabolic of what hormone modulates GABA-A, seen in depression

Answer 9

progesterone

Question 10

cation antagonist at NMDA receptor

Answer 10

magnesium

Question 11

blocking which neuropeptide receptor provides analgesia

Answer 11

nociceptin

Question 12

How do steroids impact the hippocampus

Answer 12

Decrease AMPA glutamate signaling

Question 13

predominant site of endocannabinoid receptor CB1

Answer 13

presynaptic membrane

Question 14

This peptide released into GI tract conveys feeling of satiety after food intake

Answer 14

cholecystokinin

Question 15

Neurotransmitter that’s downregulated in ventral striatum in someone with persistent pain

Answer 15

dopamine

Question 16

L-methylfolate helps with depression by increasing production of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine by increasing what?

Answer 16

tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)

Question 17

Molecular mechanism of ethanol intoxication

Answer 17

NMDA antagonism, GABA agonism

Question 18

Neurotransmitter that stimulates AMPA receptor

Answer 18

Glutamate

Question 19

Neurotransmitter in sleep promoting neurons of ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

Answer 19

GABA-A

Question 20

What neurotransmitter system is involved in sexual arousal

Answer 20

dopamine

Question 21

Highest concentration of 5HT producing cells in the brain

Answer 21

Raphe nuclei

Question 22

DA and what else regulates reward circuitory

Answer 22

GABA

Question 23

Neuroimaging technology most useful in studying connectivity pathways

Answer 23

single photon emission CT scan

Question 24

what area of the body has the most serotonin

Answer 24

GI tract

Question 25

What neurotransmitters have been associated with anxiety

Answer 25

norepinephrine

Question 26

Positive allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter gated, multimeric ion channels do what

Answer 26

increase probability of opening in presence of a ligand

Question 27

Where are the major clusters of cell bodies containing serotonin in the brain?

Answer 27

Raphe nucleus in the brain stem

Question 28

principal mechanism of termination of synaptic activity of dopamine in prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

diffusion

Question 29

opiates inhibit CAMP dependent protein phosphorylation in

Answer 29

locus coeruleus

Question 30

Neurotransmitter maintains consistent levels with age

Answer 30

serotonin

Question 31

Which neurotransmitter are reduced in quantity, uptake and turnover is spasticity?

Answer 31

glycine and GABA

Question 32

The cognitive enhancement associated with experimental D-cycloserine treatment in pt's with schizophrenia has been attributed to enhancement of NMDA receptor activity by which of the following neurotransmitters?

Answer 32

glycine

Question 33

In addiction, dopaminergic neurons project to nucleus accumbens. Cell bodies of these neurons reside in which area of the brain

Answer 33

ventral tegmental area

Question 34

Neurotransmitter associated with reward and reinforcement in nicotine dependence

Answer 34

dopamine

Question 35

Prostaglandin D2 increases extracellular levels of

Answer 35

adenosine

Question 36

Which is a retrograde neurotransmitter

Answer 36

endocannabinoids

Question 37

Chatacterisitics of Ach receptors in cerebral cortex

Answer 37

Both inhibitory and excitatory

Question 38

Neurohormone for social bonding

Answer 38

oxytocin

Question 39

Low CSF levels of this neurotransmitter metabolites is associated with suicidality

Answer 39

5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)

Question 40

What is the 5HT3 receptor classification?

Answer 40

Ligand gated

Question 41

Pain by neurogenic inflammaton mediated by

Answer 41

substance P

Question 42

Psych stress increases cortisol and prolonged cortisol is associated with bad outcomes. Stress also affects other hormones. Increase in which hormone is correlated with decreased PTSD severity most likely due to hormone's anti-glucocorticoid properties

Answer 42

DHEA

Question 43

Activation of this receptor is likely responsible for anti-anxiety, motor impairment, and sedative hypnotic effects of alcohol

Answer 43

GABA-A

Question 44

Neurotransmitter regulating sleep and wakefulness

Answer 44

histamine

Question 45

what neurotransmitter is thought to play a key role in fine-tuning working memory function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 45

dopamine

Question 46

which of the following levels would be affected what changes in tyrosine hydroxylase levels: dopaminergic, glutaminergic, gabaminergic, serotonergic, histaminergic

Answer 46

dopaminergic

Question 47

Blockade of which receptor causes sedation and weight gain side effects for antipsychotic and antidepressants

Answer 47

histamine

Question 48

what neurotransmitter present in the periacqueductal gray matter is involved in the mediation of pain

Answer 48

endorphins

Question 49

which neurotransmitter, if dysfunctional, most replicates core symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 49

glutamate