Neurosurgery 1

Question 1

What are the supratentorial intracranial compartmetnts?

Answer 1

frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
hypothalamus
thalamus

Question 2

What are the infratentorial intracranial compartments?

Answer 2

brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla)

cerebellum

Question 3

What are the craniospinal fluid pathways?

Answer 3

ventricular system

subarachnoid space

Question 4

Whaat are teh meninges?

Answer 4

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 5

Which lobe is the primary visual lobe?

Answer 5

occipital

Question 6

Which lobe contains the centres for language, memory and behaviour?

Answer 6

temporal

Question 7

Where is CSF made?

Answer 7

choroid plexus in the ventricles

Question 8

How much CSF is made in a day?

Answer 8

500mls

Question 9

Where is CSF absorbed?

Answer 9

arachnoid granulations

Question 10

What is the Monro-Kellie hypothesis?

Answer 10

sum of intracranial volumes of blood (CBV), brain and CSF is constant
if any increase, there must be offset by an equal decrease in another

Question 11

What is the normal ICP?

Answer 11

10mmHg

Question 12

What are the global symptoms of neurological pathology?

Answer 12

headache (sudden/gradual/progressive)
confusion
drowsiness
seizures

Question 13

What are the focal symptoms of posterior frontal, anterior parietal, cerebellar and optic pathway pathology?

Answer 13

posterior frontal - motor
anterior parietal - sensory
cerebellum - dysco-ordination
optic - visual

Question 14

What are global physical signs of neurological disorders?

Answer 14

Glasgow Coma Scale
pupillary responses
BP
HR
RR

Question 15

What is Cushing’s response?

Answer 15

change in BP
HR
RR

Question 16

What are focal physical signs of neurological disorders?

Answer 16

limb weakness
numbness
dyscoordination
field deficits or extraocular palsies

Question 17

Explain the Glasgow Coma Scale

Answer 17

Question 18

What kind of head trauma clsees are there?

Answer 18

open/closed fractures

haematomas

Question 19

What are spinal trauma classes?

Answer 19

stable and unstable

Question 20

What are teh different types of tumors?

Answer 20

intrinsic or extrinsic

primary or secondary

Question 21

What are the types of hydrocephalus?

Answer 21

communicating or non-communicating

Question 22

What are intracranial vascular disorders?

Answer 22

aneurysms
arterivenous malformations
cavernomas
subarachnoid or intracerebral haemhorrages

Question 23

What kind of infections can occur in neurosurgery?

Answer 23

menigitis
abscess
subdural empyema

Question 24

What can cause cauda equina syndrome?

Answer 24

disc prolapse

tumour compression

Question 25

What does an extradural haematoma look like?

Answer 25

high density biconvex shape adjacent to skull associated with "lucid" interval between initial impact and onset of neurological deterioration

Question 26

Describe a subdural haematoma?

Answer 26

crescent shaped increased attenuation adjacent to inner table of skull can be acute/subacute/chronic

Question 27

What are the 3 types of skull fractures?

Answer 27

open (scalp laceration) depressed (lies below adjacent bone) comminuted (multiple fractures)

Question 28

How do you clinically evaluate if someone has a spinal injury?

Answer 28

can they move their legs or feel when legs are pinched? is there any bruising/swelling/tenderness of their back any break in the line of spines? any soft doughy areas?