Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Trauma > Neurosurgery > Flashcards

Neurosurgery Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 major spinal trauma fractures/injuries according to the Denis classification

A

• compression fracture
• burst
• flexion-distraction or seat belt type fracture
• fracture-dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cervical flexion myotome

A

C1,c2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cervical side flexion myotome

A

C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Scapula elevation myotome

A

C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Shoulder abduction myotome

A

C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Elbow flexion myotome

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wrist extension myotome

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Wrist flexion myotome

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Elbow extension myotome

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thumb extension myotome

A

C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Finger abduction myotome

A

T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hip flexion myotome

A

L1 l2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Knee extension myotome

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion myotome

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Big toe extension myotome

A

L 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ankle plantarflexion myotome

A

S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Knee flexion myotome

A

S 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name nine risk factors for blunt cerebro-vascular injury ( BCVI ) that needs Ct angio screening

A

• unexplained neuro deficit
• arterial epistaxis following blunt head trauma
• GCS <8
• petrous bone fracture evidence
• dai and GCS <6
• C spine fractures especially involving foramen transversarium
• C spine fractures with subluxation or rotational components
• Le fort 2-3 facial fractures or bilateral mandibular fracture
• near hanging or strangulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name 4 signs of basal skull fracture

A

•Haemotympanum
• raccoon eyes
• CSF otorrhea or rhinorrhea
. Battles sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Primary arterial supply of spine?

A

Anterior spinal arteries that originate as paired branches of vertebral arteries that join just below basilar artery
Posterior columns supplied by posterior spinal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Venous drainage of spine? (3)

A

Batson’s plexus
• extradural vertebral venous plexus
• extravertebral venous plexus
• veins of bony structures of spine

22
Q

Define neurogenic shock cause and symptoms (6)

A

• occur due to loss sympathetic autonomic supply
• usually lesions above T 1
. Hypotension’s not responsive to fluids.vasopressors may be required (dobutamine)
• loss muscle tone, venous pooling, hypovolaemia
• bradycardia due to unopposed parasympathetic

23
Q

Define spinal shock cause and symptoms (4)

A

• Transient loss motor activity below level of lesion
. Return of bulbocavernosus reflex signal end
• poor prognostic sign for serious spinal cord injury
• abate 72 hours to weeks to months

24
Q

Define autonomic dysreflexia cause and symptoms ( 10)

A

• Opposite of neurogenic shock
• usually injuries above t6
. Bouts severe paroxysmal ht, due to sympathetic overdrive
• throbbing headaches, nasal stuffy, cognitiveimpair, feeling of doom
. Profuse sweating, skin flush, anxiety
• usual triggers are bladder distension, fecal impaction
• Medical emergency
• priapism poor prognostic sign!

25
Q

Where does spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

26
Q

Where is t12 segment of spinal cord found in relation to vertebrae?

A

T 9

27
Q

Where is t8 segment of spinal cord found in relation to vertebrae?

A

T6

28
Q

Clinical level of t1-t6 lesion?

A

Add 1. Eg T 1 injury is clinical level t2

29
Q

Clinical level of t7-t 9 lesion?

A

Add Two. Eg t8 lesion at clinical level t10

30
Q

Clinical level of T10 lesion?

A

L1 l2

31
Q

Clinical level of t11 lesion?

A

L3 L 4

32
Q

Clinical level of t 12 lesion?

A

L5

33
Q

Clinical level of l1 lesion?

A

Sacrococcygeal

34
Q

Define incomplete spinal lesion (4)

A

• Any residual motor or sensory function more than 3 segments below level of injury
. Preserved long tract signs
• sensation or voluntary movement in lower limbs in presence of C spine or t spine injury
. Sacral sparing (does not qualify with this alone)

35
Q

Define complete spinal cord lesion

A

• No preservation of any motor or sensory function more than 3 segments below level of injury
• In absence of spinal shock
• catastrophic trauma
• 3% may develop some recovery in 24 hours

36
Q

Name injury and symptoms of brown Sequard syndrome (4)

A

• Hemi-transection of spinal cord
• ipsilateral pyramidal tract loss
• ipsilateral dorsal tract loss
• contralateral spinothalamic tract loss

37
Q

Name injury and symptoms of central cord syndrome (2)

A

• Hyper extension injury in older patients with pre-existing spondylosis
• motor weakness ul > ll

38
Q

Name injury and symptoms of anterior cord syndrome (4)

A

• Anterior compression or ASA occlusion
• motor paralysis below level injury - corticospinal tracts
• loss spinothalamic tracts
• spare dorsal tracts

39
Q

Name symptoms of posterior cord syndrome (4)

A

• spare corticospinal. so motor function preserved
• loss dorsal tracts
•spinothalamic tracts spared

40
Q

Name symptoms of conus medullaris syndrome (4)

A

• Sudden and bilateral (last part spine)
. Back pain more severe than radicular pain
• numbness located to perianal area
• urinary retention and atonic anal sphincter

41
Q

Name symptoms of cauda equina syndrome (4)

A

• Gradual and unilateral
. Radicular pain more severe than back pain
. Asymmetric areflexic paraplegia
. Urinary retention

42
Q

Name the 5 grades of the aisa classification of spinal cord injury

A

A - no motor or sensory function preserved in sacral segments
B- sensory but not motor function preserved in at least sacral segments
C-motor function preserved below neurological level and most key muscles have motor score <3
D-motor score ≥3
E-motor and sensory normal

43
Q

Define an unstable vertebral fracture (5)

A

• > 50% columns involved (1 or more)
• increased or decreased intervertebral space height
• interspinous distance increased
• facet joint widening
• > 25% vertebral compression visible on xray

44
Q

Name the 4 minor spinal trauma fractures according to the Denis classification

A

• Transverse process fracture
• burst
• pars interarticularis
• spinous process

45
Q

Cerebral perfusion pressure formula?

A

Map-icp

46
Q

Marshall radiologic classification of TBI (6)?

A

• Diffuse injury 1: no visible pathology
• diffuse injury 2: midline shift 0-5mm
• diffuse injury 3 (swelling): midline shift 0-5 mm and basal cisterns compressed or completely effaced
• diffuse injury 4 (shift): midline shift > 5 mm
• evacuated mass lesion 5: any lesion evacuated surgically
• non-evacuated mass lesion 6: high or mixed density lesions > 25 cm3

47
Q

Appearance extradural haemorrhage on ct?

A

Lenticular shape

48
Q

Appearance subdural haemorrhage on ct?

A

Crescent shaped

49
Q

Normal ICP adults?

A

0-15

50
Q

What is neurotremesis?

A

Nerve transection

Trauma (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions