neurotoxins Flashcards
muscarine and slaframine
fungal toxins
non-selective muscarinic agonists
DUMBELS
deadly nightshade
atropine
non-selective muscarinic antagonist
fever
tachycardia
respiratory paralysis
dry mouth
urinary retention
mydriasis
death
non-selective nicotinic agonists
nicotine
anatoxin-a
hemlock
low dose - acute high dose:
vomiting
excitement
convulsions
chronic high dose: neuromuscular block ataxia tachypnea tachycardia
difference between OPs and carbamates
OPs age = irreversible inhibition
carbamates do not age
OPs can be treated with 2-PAM, carbamates cannot
OPs and carbamates
AchE inhibitors
first, DUMBELS
then, hypoxia
= sympathetic signs (tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis)
OPs in the airway
M2 antagonism
airway hyper-reactivity
botulinum
cleaves SNAREs for Ach vesicles
cholinergic neurons have receptor for botulinum heavy chain
flaccid paralysis
- progressive
decongestants
alpha 1 agonists
hypertension
dry mucous membranes
mydriasis
appetite suppression
a2 agonists
bramonidine
xylazine
amitraz
profound hypotension
bradycardia
yohimbine
a2 antagonist
albuterol
beta 2 agonist
bronchodilation
hypotension
reflex tachycardia
amphetamines
increase norepinephrine release
hypertension
tachycardia
seizures
cocaine
decrease norepinephrine reuptake
hypertension
tachycardia
seizures
PDE inhibitors
theophylline
theobromine
caffeine
hypertension
tachycardia
seizures
acepromazine
adrenergic antagonists
vincristine
blocks polymerization of microtubules
- disrupts fast axonal transport
peripheral neuropathy
cats = v susceptible
