Neurotransmitter DIAL Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the modulatory neurotransmitters?
NE
What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters?
GABA
Glycine
What are the excitatory neurotransmitters?
Glutamate
Aspartate
Where do most synapses occur and what are they called?
On the spine of the dendrite
Axospinous synapses
What is the most anatomically characteristic feature of the post-synaptic membrane?
The “Post-synaptic density”
What type of receptors are the majority of receptors in the brain?
Metabotropic (not ionotropic)
Where is NE released from and what does it act on?
Locus Ceruleus -> Every part of the brain
Where is Serotonin released from and what does it act on?
Raphi Nuclei -> Most of the brain
What system is Serotonin important in?
Ascending reticular system: reticular core of the brainstem sending signals to forebrain for wakefulness
Where is Dopamine released from and what does it act on?
Substantia Nigra -> Striatum
Ventral Tegmental area -> Prefrontal cortex and Limbic system
Where is Ach released from and what does it act on?
Basal Forebrain Complex -> Hippocampus and Forebrain
Pontomesencephalotegemental Cholinergic Complex -> Dorsal Thalamus and Forebrain
What are two types of receptors Glutamate works on?
Metabotropic
Ionotropic
What are the ionotropic receptors Glutamate works on?
AMPA
KMDA
Kainate
What blocks AMPA receptors?
CNQX
NBQX
What blocks Kainate receptors?
CNQX
What blocks NMDA receptors?
APV
Which inhibitory receptors are ionotropic?
GABA-A
Glycine
Which inhibitory receptors are metabotropic?
GABA-B
How do inhibitory metabotropic receptors work?
Opening of K+ channels decrease MP
Closure of Ca2+ channels not allow Ca2+ in
How do inhibitory ionotropic receptors work?
Opening of Cl- channels to decrease MP
What do benzodiazepines and barbiturates in order to have an effect?
GABA
What do benzodiazepines and barbiturates bind to?
GABA-A receptors
How do benzodiazepines work?
Bind GABA-A receptor causing and increase in frequency of Cl- channels opening
How do barbiturates work?
Bind GABA-A receptor causing and increase in the duration of Cl- channel opening
