NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE Flashcards
How fast do action potentials travel
120 metres/sec
What is the location of action potential and where does it follow through to
They trigger at the nerve terminal, a release of neurotransmitters, which carry the signal across the synaptic cleft
What happens to the neurotransmitters acting on receptors expresses on the receiving cell
excitation or inhibition
What is Ach usually released to?
gamma a receptors
What is fast synaptic transmission mediated by
Transmitter-gated ion channels (cys loop superfamily)
What is an example of a member of the cys-loop superfamily
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Explain the characteristics of the nAChR
Integral ion channel
Agonist bidning to the receptor induces a rapid conformational change to opent he channel
The channel is selective foe certain ions
Signalling is extremely rapid
Where is the binding site for the agonist on the nAChR
Ach
What are MEPPS
Miniature end plate potentials
What is alpha-bungarotoxin?
Aselective high affinity antagonist of the nAChRs
Does a mepp result from the release of a single vesicle of packaged ACh?
Yes- this then activates a family of nicotinic receptors where sodium fluxes and causes the depolarisation
What does the drug Vesamicol do?
Inhibits vesicular uptake of ACh and consequently decrease the amplitude of mepps (can help with adenocarcinoma in lungs)
What does black widow spider venom (a-Latrotoxin-aLTX) affect with neurotransmitter release?
Their venom influences spontaneous transmitter release
1) massive ACh release and muscle spasms
2)Depletion of vesicles, inhibition of endocytosis, distended terminal paralysis
How many binding sites are there on the pre-synaptic nerve
2
Explain how a-latrotoxin spider venom influences neurotranmitter release
Involves both the Ca2+ dependant and Ca2+ independant pathways
a-LTX binds to a specific presynaptic receptors (neurexin and latrophillin) - G-protein coupled receptor
Toxin forms a cation