neurotransmitters Flashcards
acetylchooline targets
nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
noradrenaline targets
a and b adrenoceptors
small moleculs medaitors examples
GABA, noradrenaline, serotonin
small molecule mediators target
ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) and G-protein-couples receptors (GPCRs)
neurotrophins examples
brain derived neurotrophic factor
neuropeptides examples
endorphins
lipid mediators examples
prostaglandins
neurotrophins target
kinase-linked receptors
neuropeptides target
G protein cooupled receptors
lipid mediators target
G protein couples receptors
relevant drug class of neurotrophins
antidepressants
relevant drug class of small molecule mediators
anxiolytics antidepressants
neuropeptide relevant drug class
opioid analgesics
lipid mediators relevant drug class
non-opioid analgesics
GABA receptor of LGIC receptor superfamily
has 19 total subunit types
native GABAa receptor has 2 a subunits and two b subunits and 1 subunit of a third type
GABA receptor of GPCR receptor superfamily
heterodimer of GABAb1 receptor (ligand binding) and GABAb2 receptor (initiation of signalling cascade
3 subtypes if LGIC
AMPA
NMDA
Kainate
NMDA receptor
activated by glutamate and glycine (as a co-agonist) synaptic plasticity (LTP and LTD); excessive Ca2+ leads to excitotoxicity
LGIC serotonin receptor
5-HT3 receptor
excitatory
involved in vomiting
GPCR serotonin receptor
5-HTx receptor
5-HT1 receptor - inhibitory
5-HT2 receptor - found both presynaptically and postsynaptically
GPCR doopamine receptor
D1 type (D1 and D5)
- no polymorphism
- D1 - high expression in the nigrostriatal, mesoolimbic and mesocortical areas; post synaptic - increase locoomotor activity
D2 type (D2, D3 and D4)
- polymorphism, splice variants
- D2 - expression profile similar to D1; D3 - limited distribution
D2 dopamine receptor
inhibits prolactin secretion from pituitary gland
post synaptic - decrease locomotor activity
presynaptic - reduce firing rate and the release of neurotransmitters
L-dopa
precursor to dopamine
increase dopamine levels
treat parkinson’s disease
can cause schizophrenia like syndrome
antipsychotic drugs
many are D2 receptor antagonists - treat schizophrenia
enhances prolactin secretion
extrapyramidal side effects - movement disorders
