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Foundations 1 > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of a neurotransmitter?

A

Synthesized in neuron
Stored in nerve terminals
Released in response to stimulus
Bind receptor on post-synaptic membrane
Local inactivation

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2
Q

What are classifications of NTs based on chemical nature?

A

Amines
Amino acids
Purines
Gases
Neuropeptides
Endocannabinoids

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3
Q

What are the amine NTs?

A

Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Histamine

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4
Q

What are the amino acid NTs?

A

Glutamate
Aspartate
Glycine
GABA

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5
Q

What are the purine NTs and their primary functions?

A

ATP - excitatory
Adenosine - inhibitory

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6
Q

What are the gas NTs?

A

Nitric oxide
Carbon monoxide

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7
Q

What are the neuropeptide NTs and there characteristics?

A

Opioid
VIP
Substance P

Slow - couple to G-proteins

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8
Q

How is ACh synthesized?

A

From choline by acetyl CoA and choline acetyl transferase CoA

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9
Q

What breaks down ACh?

A

Acetylcholine esterase

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of catecholamines and what are they?

A

Synthesized from tyrosine

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine

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11
Q

How is dopamine activity terminated?

A

Reuptake by transporter
Degradation by MAO and COMT into homovanillic acid

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12
Q

What is the process of degradation of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

COMT and MAO into VMA, which is excreted in urine

Epinephrine has metanephrine intermediate

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13
Q

What is the precursor of seratonin?

A

Tryptophan

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14
Q

How is serotonin degraded?

A

By MAO into 5-HIAA, which is excreted in the urine

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of serotonin?

A

In GI tract and CNS
Vasoconstrictor

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of histamine?

A

Derived from histidine
Anaphylaxis and allergic reactions

17
Q

What are the characteristics of glutamate?

A

Excitatory in CNS
Excitotoxicity in response to trauma

18
Q

What are the characteristics of GABA?

A

Derived from glutamate
Degrades into succinate
Major CNS inhibitor
Agonists used to treat anxiety

19
Q

What is PLP and its deficiency?

A

Active form of vit B6
Lowers activity of decarboxylases affecting amine NT synthesis

Foundations 1 (28 decks)

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