Neurotransmitters

Question 1

major NT in CNS and PNS

Answer 1

acetylcholine

Question 2

what is ACh made of

Answer 2

synthesized from CoA and choline

Question 3

what is ACh packaged/stored in

Answer 3

vesicles

Question 4

2 types of ACh receptors

Answer 4

nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 5

does ACh create short or long lived responses

Answer 5

short - ACh breaks thing down quickly

Question 6

what releases ACh

Answer 6

cholinergic fibres

Question 7

what part of NS do cholinergic fibres affect

Answer 7

CNS and PNS

Question 8

what do cholinergeic impact in the brain

Answer 8

system that plays a major role in learning, attention, memory

Question 9

what is alzheimers

Answer 9

degredation of cholinergic neurons

Question 10

where can catecholamines be found

Answer 10

cell bodies in brain stem

Question 11

what do the axons of catecholamines branch to

Answer 11

all parts of brain and SC

Question 12

catecholamines role

Answer 12

mood, motivation, consciousness, directed attention

Question 13

what NT is in NMJ btwn nerves and smooth m in ANS

Answer 13

NE

Question 14

what is NE released by

Answer 14

andregenic fibres

Question 15

2 classes of NE receptors

Answer 15

alpha and beta

Question 16

what can influence NE

Answer 16

drugs - amphetamines promote release of NE

Question 17

where are dopamine neurons present

Answer 17

substantia nigra, ventral tegemental area of midbrain

Question 18

types of dopamine receptors

Answer 18

excitatory or inhibitory

Question 19

what is dopamine involved in

Answer 19

emotional responses (addiction/pleasure)

Question 20

what is E released by

Answer 20

neurons in CNS

Question 21

is NE or E more common

Answer 21

NE

Question 22

what is E classified as

Answer 22

neurohormone

Question 23

what receptors does E bind with

Answer 23

alpha and beta receptors

Question 24

where is histamine found

Answer 24

CNS - hypothalamus

Question 25

what does histamine control

Answer 25

sleep-wake cycle

Question 26

what is histamine known for

Answer 26

paracrine actions (local increases in BF)

Question 27

what is serotonin synthesized from

Answer 27

tryptophan

Question 28

how many receptor types for serotonin

Answer 28

16

Question 29

what effect does serotonin have on pathways involved in muscle control

Answer 29

excitatory effect (more serotinin = alert/wakeful)

Question 30

what does serotonin control

Answer 30

food intake and other homeostatic mechanisms

Question 31

what are glutamate and aspartate

Answer 31

excitatory AA

Question 32

what are glutamate and aspartate implicated in

Answer 32

epilepsy, parkinsons, alzheimers

Question 33

what causes damage to glutamate and aspartate receptors

Answer 33

stroke, brain damage due to low O2

Question 34

what is glutamate

Answer 34

excitatory AA NT - most excitatory neurons in CNS

Question 35

what do the majority of synapses communicate with

Answer 35

1/2 communicate with glutamate

Question 36

does glutamate have many receptors

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

what is GABA

Answer 37

gammaaminobutyric acid inhibitory NT

Question 38

what NT is most common in CNS

Answer 38

GABA

Question 39

how many synapses does GABA have on average

Answer 39

1/3 of all brain synapses

Question 40

how many GABA receptors

Answer 40

3 - A/B/C

Question 41

what do GABA receptors open/close

Answer 41

Cl- or K+ channels