Neurotransmitters

Question 1

Electrical Synapse

Answer 1

electrical signals transfered directly through gap junstions

Question 2

Chemical Synapse

Answer 2

neurotransmitter secreted by 1st neuron binds to receptor on 2nd neuron to open ion channels

Question 3

Small-molecule neurotransmitter

Answer 3

occurs in: presynaptic terminal
enzymes: produced in neuronal cell body
precursor molecules: produced locally
Transport: slow

Question 4

Peptide neurotransmitter

Answer 4

occurs in: neuronal cell body

enzymes: packaged in golgi app
transport: fast

Question 5

Ionotropic receptors

Answer 5

ligand gated

Question 6

Metabotropic receptors

Answer 6

g-protein coupled

Question 7

Acetylcholine

Answer 7

Excitatory, choline + AcCoA, CAT is rate limiting, AChEase removal, nicotinic & muscarinic receptors

Question 8

Glutamate

Answer 8

Excitatory, glutamine, glutaminas is rate-limiting, transporter removal, ionotropic and metabotropic receptors

Question 9

GABA

Answer 9

inhibitory, glutamate, GAD is rate limiting, transporter removal, 2 ionotropic and 1 metabo.

Question 10

Catecholamines

Answer 10

excitatory, tyrosine, tyrosine hydrolyase is rate limiting, transporter, MAO, COMT removal, dopa: metabo, norad: alpha and beta metabo (5), adren.: alpha and beta

Question 11

Serotonin (5-HT)

Answer 11

excitatory, tryptophan, tryptophan hydroxylase, transporter and MAO removal, metabo & iono.

Question 12

Neuropeptides

Answer 12

both, AA, synthesis and transport are rate limiting, protease removal

Question 13

Nitric Oxide

Answer 13

both, arginine, N.O. synth is rate limiting, spont. oxidation remocal

Question 14

Curare

Answer 14

Recep: nicotinic ACh

Clinical Signs: diaphragm para. + weakness of skeletal m.

Question 15

Organo-phosphates

Answer 15

Recep: ACh
Action: ACh build-up -> blocks AChEase
Clinical Signs: fatigue, paralysis, headache, wheezing

Question 16

Atropine (Belladonna)

Answer 16

Recep: M. ACh (m1-5)
Action: opposes vagus n
Clinical Signs: Increase in HR, decrease in bronchial secretions

Question 17

Diazepam

Answer 17

Recep: GABA (enhances)

Clinical Signs: sedation

Question 18

Ketamine

Answer 18

Recep: NMDA antagonist

Clinical Signs: anesthia, cataleptic state of sensory isolation

Question 19

Xylazine

Answer 19

Recep: alpha2 adrenergic

Clinical Signs: decrease in HR

Question 20

Domperidane

Answer 20

Recep: D2 & D3 antagonist

Clinical Signs: increase in upper GI motility, increase in lactation, nausea relief

Question 21

SSRIs

Answer 21

Action: inhibits serotonin reuptake

Clinical Signs: increases serotonin for post-synp. depression