Neurotransmitters and NMJ

Question 1

What are the 3 ways to block neuromuscular transmission

Answer 1

Pre-synaptically (inhibiting Ach synthesis)
Pre-synaptically by inhibiting Ach release
Post-synaptically by interfering with actions of ACh on the receptor

Question 2

What would stop ACh release?

Answer 2

anaesthetics and inhibitors/competitors of calcium
neurotoxins

Question 3

How does botulinum toxin affect Neurotransmission?

Answer 3

By blocking Ach release

Question 4

When would we use drugs to block the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 4

During surgery

Question 4

When would we use drugs to block the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 4

During surgery

Question 5

What is the only clinical agonist of nicotinic receptors?

Answer 5

suxamethonium

Question 6

what are 4 criteria that a molecule must satisfy to be deemed as a neurotransmitter

Answer 6

1. synthesis - made presynaptically
2. storage - NT must be stored presynaptically
3. Release - NT must be released on demand
4. Inactivation - must be inactivated

Question 7

Name 3 amino acids

Answer 7

glutamate, gaba and glycine

Question 8

name 3 amines that are catecholamines

Answer 8

noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine

Question 9

serotonin is a type of amine specifically ____

Answer 9

indolamine

Question 10

Name 3 peptides

Answer 10

encephalin, endorphin and dynorphin

Question 11

Primary excitatioRy NTS IN CNS

Answer 11

glutamate

Question 12

primary inhibitory NTS in CNS

Answer 12

GABA

Question 13

Name 3 things that occur with dysfunction of glutamate

Answer 13

EXITOTOXICITY, MIGRAINES, EPILEPSY

Question 14

what receptors do benzodiazepines work on

Answer 14

GABAa

Question 15

clostridium tetani causes what disease

Answer 15

tetanus by inhibiting release of glycine

Question 16

how are seizures treated?

Answer 16

phenytoin and benzodiazepenes

Question 17

what is the MOA of benzodiazepenes

Answer 17

They bind to an allosteric site on GABA receptors which means GABA can open the channel more often, having an overall inhibitory response

Question 18

what channels does GABA act on?

Answer 18

ligand gated chloride channels

Question 19

tetanus can be treated by?

Answer 19

anti toxin and benzodiazepines

Question 20

depleted dopamine in motor co-ordination system is associated with what disease

Answer 20

parkinsons

Question 21

over production of dopamine in the mesolimbic system is associated with what condition

Answer 21

schizophrenia

Question 22

what is fluoxetine

Answer 22

SSRI

Question 23

How does MDMA work

Answer 23

causes release of serotonin and then prevents re-uptake of it

Question 24

what is the NTS at the NMJ

Answer 24

ACh

Question 25

what disease is associated with dysfunction (reduction) of ACh in the CNS

Answer 25

Alzheimer's disease

Question 26

how do anticholinesterases work

Answer 26

prevent breakdown of ACh to prolong its acitivty

Question 27

what is pilocarpine

Answer 27

non-selective muscarinic agonist used in glaucoma and constricts pupils by acting on M receptors

Question 28

what drug could be used in bladder and GI hypotonia

Answer 28

bethanechol