NEUTRALIZATION TITRATION

Question 1

is widely used to determine the concentration of acidic or basic analytes or analytes that can be converted to acids or bases by suitable treatment

Answer 1

Neutralization Titration

Question 2

the usual solvent for neutralization titrations because it is convenient, inexpensive, and nontoxic -
it has a low-temperature coefficient of expression

Answer 2

Water

Question 3

are widely used as standard solutions for titrating bases.

Answer 3

Hydrochloric acid solutions

Question 4

most frequently used reagent for standardizing acids

Answer 4

Sodium Carbonate

Question 5

most common base for preparing standard solutions

Answer 5

Sodium hydroxide

Question 6

It is a nonhygroscopic crystalline solid with a relatively large molar mass (204.2 g/mol).

Answer 6

Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (KHC8H4O4 )

Question 7

It has limited solubility in water, so it is usually dissolved in ethanol prior to dilution with water and titration

Answer 7

Benzoic Acid

Question 8

Is an excellent primary standard with a high molar mass per mole of protons.

Answer 8

Potassium Hydrogen Iodate KH(IO3 )2

Question 9

Two Types of End Points in Neutralization Titration

Answer 9

Visual End Points
Potentiometric End Point

Question 10

occurs in a wide variety of substances of interest in the life sciences, in industry, and in agriculture

Answer 10

Nitrogen

Question 11

developed by the Danish chemist Johan Kjeldahl, who first described it in 1883
most common method for determining organic nitrogen

Answer 11

Kjeldahl Method

Question 12

the sample is mixed with powdered copper(II) oxide and ignited in a combustion tube to give carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, and small amounts of nitrogen oxides.

Answer 12

Dumas method

Question 13

___ in organic and biological materials is conveniently determined by burning the sample in a stream of oxygen.

Answer 13

sulfur

Question 14

are conveniently determined by conversion to ammonia with strong base followed by distillation.

Answer 14

Ammonium Salts

Question 15

very common organic acids

Answer 15

Carboxylic and Sulfonic Acid Groups

Question 16

generally have base dissociation constants on the order of 10-5 and can be titrated directly with a solution of strong acid.

Answer 16

Amine Groups

Question 17

with aromatic characters, such as pyridine and its derivatives, are usually too weak for titration in aqueous solutions.

Answer 17

Cyclic amines

Question 18

commonly determined by saponification with a measured quantity of standard base.

Answer 18

Ester Groups

Question 19

s the process by which an ester is hydrolyzed in alkaline solution to give an alcohol and a conjugate base

Answer 19

Saponification

Question 20

can be determined by esterification with various carboxylic acid anhydrides or chlorides

Answer 20

Hydroxyl Groups

Question 21

Two Most Common Reagents

Answer 21

Acetic Anhydride
Phthalic Anhydride

Question 22

Many aldehydes and ketones can be determined with a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride.

Answer 22

Carboxyl Groups